Preparation and Characterization of Antimony-Doped Tin Dioxide Electrodes. 3. XPS and SIMS Characterization

Montilla, F.; Morallón, Emilia; Battisti, Achille De; Barison, S.; Daolio, S.; Vázquez, José Luís

doi:10.1021/jp048674+

Cited by 130 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…S1, Supporting Information). [17] Note that the MOH groups are very important for surface modification with electrochemiluminescent ruthenium dyes, as we demonstrate below.…”

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confidence: 74%

Dye‐Anchored Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell

et al. 2009

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Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) represent a unique class of electrode materials whose hallmark is high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency in the visible spectral range. They are renowned as electrode materials in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and flat-panel displays, on both rigid and flexible substrates. [1,2] A contemporary challenge in materials chemistry is to discover ways of increasing the surface area of TCOs while retaining their conductivity and transparency, a combination of properties that would, for example, enable a new platform for high-efficiency dye-immobilized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) displays, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, and (bio)chemical sensors.[3]Herein, we report the synthesis of mesoporous antimonydoped tin oxide films dubbed meso-ATOs, interesting candidates for a new type of electrode material that offers the unique combination of high-surface-area ordered mesoscale pores together with high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency, and further we show that it is capable of supporting chemically tethered ruthenium-based dyes, enabling it to function as an efficient and reusable solid-state ECL-based sensor.Why has it taken about two decades of research to achieve this sought after goal? One can trace the difficulty to a number of adverse contributing factors, one of which is the poor affinity between sol-gel precursors of conductive inorganic materials and the organic template-directing mesophase under the nonaqueous evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) conditions required to grow conducting mesoporous metal oxide films.[4] Another problem is that high conductivity is usually associated with high crystallinity, and for mesoporous transition metal oxide materials this necessitates crystallization of the as-synthesized amorphous metal oxide framework into a nanocrystalline version, which usually results in strain-induced collapse of channel and/or cavity walls of the mesopores. So far, only mesoporous tin-doped indium oxide (meso-ITO) materials have been reported, but either their conductivity is very low due to low crystallinity [5] or their conductivity is reasonable but the mesostructure can only be templated with a specialty polymer surfactant. [6]

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“…S1, Supporting Information). [17] Note that the MOH groups are very important for surface modification with electrochemiluminescent ruthenium dyes, as we demonstrate below.…”

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confidence: 74%

Dye‐Anchored Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell

et al. 2009

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“…Thus, the improvement of conductivity and the control of crystallite growth induced by Sb doping were explained by the coexistence of Sb V incorporated into the host cassiterite structure and of Sb III segregated at the particle surface. 18 Since the nanostructural features and doping distribution are of paramount importance for the electronic properties of ATO films, these materials have been investigated by several methods including x-ray-absorption fine-structure, photoelectron, 19,20 Mössbauer, 21 and infrared 22 spectroscopies. Despite these efforts, the effect of Sb doping on the porosity evolution and nanocrystallite growth upon isothermal treatment of ATO films is still not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical scaling properties of nanoporous undoped and Sb-dopedSnO2supported thin films during tri- and bidimensional structure coarsening

et al. 2007

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The coarsening of the nanoporous structure developed in undoped and 3% Sb-doped SnO 2 sol-gel dip-coated films deposited on a mica substrate was studied by time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering ͑SAXS͒ during in situ isothermal treatments at 450 and 650°C. The time dependence of the structure function derived from the experimental SAXS data is in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the statistical theory of dynamical scaling, thus suggesting that the coarsening process in the studied nanoporous structures exhibits dynamical self-similar properties. The kinetic exponents of the power time dependence of the characteristic scaling length of undoped SnO 2 and 3% Sb-doped SnO 2 films are similar ͑␣ Ϸ 0.09͒, this value being invariant with respect to the firing temperature. In the case of undoped SnO 2 films, another kinetic exponent, ␣Ј, corresponding to the maximum of the structure function was determined to be approximately equal to three times the value of the exponent ␣, as expected for the random tridimensional coarsening process in the dynamical scaling regime. Instead, for 3% Sb-doped SnO 2 films fired at 650°C, we have determined that ␣Ј Ϸ 2␣, thus suggesting a bidimensional coarsening of the porous structure. The analyses of the dynamical scaling functions and their asymptotic behavior at high q ͑q being the modulus of the scattering vector͒ provided additional evidence for the two-dimensional features of the pore structure of 3% Sb-doped SnO 2 films. The presented experimental results support the hypotheses of the validity of the dynamic scaling concept to describe the coarsening process in anisotropic nanoporous systems.

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“…The peak at 532.1 eV of O 1s was attributed to the Al-O and Si-O from the substrate and the chemisorbed oxygen or hydroxyl ions such as O -, O 2-or OH -on the SnO 2-d surface, the higher intensity of this peak in the precursor than that in SK20 indicated the existence of SnO 2 ÁxH 2 O and hydroxyl from kaolinite. The peak around 533.1 eV was directly associated with H 2 O on the surface (Montilla et al 2004;Manesse et al 2009;Yang et al 2010). The analysis of the surface Sb was restricted to the Sb 3d3/2 lines because of the overlap of the O 1s and Sb 3d5/2 lines, and Sb transition (3d3/2) was employed to obtain the oxidation state of antimony.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sb–SnO2 nanoparticles onto kaolinite rods: assembling process and interfacial investigation

Yang

2012

Phys Chem Minerals

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In this article, we reported the synthesis of novel Sb-SnO 2 /kaolinite (SK) nanocomposites by assembling antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles on the surface of kaolinite rods without addition of dispersant. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N 2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The crystal size and loading density of ATO nanoparticles onto kaolinite rods could be controlled through the synthetic conditions. The color and resistivity of the composites varied with the loading density of ATO nanoparticles. Investigations of the interfacial binding between ATO layer and rod surface indicated that surface characteristics could facilitate the deposition of various metal oxides nanoparticles. XPS analysis demonstrated that the entrance of Sb 5? into SnO 2 crystallite led to the improvement of conductivity and the color change of the composites. The formation mechanism for SK composites was also discussed.

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Preparation and Characterization of Antimony-Doped Tin Dioxide Electrodes. 3. XPS and SIMS Characterization

Cited by 130 publications

References 31 publications

Dye‐Anchored Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell

Dye‐Anchored Mesoporous Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell

Dynamical scaling properties of nanoporous undoped and Sb-dopedSnO2supported thin films during tri- and bidimensional structure coarsening

Sb–SnO2 nanoparticles onto kaolinite rods: assembling process and interfacial investigation

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