Prenatal family support, postnatal family support and postpartum depression

Abstract

Background: Inadequate social support is an important determinant of postpartum depression (PPD). Social support for pregnant women consists of supports from various sources and can be measured at different gestation periods. Differentiating the effects of social support from different sources and measured at different gestation periods may have important implications in the prevention of PPD. In the family centred Chinese culture, family support is likely to be one of the most important components in social support. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the association of prenatal family support and postnatal family support with PPD. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between February and September 2007 in Hunan, China. Family support was measured with social support rating scale at 30–32 weeks of gestation (prenatal support) and again at 2 weeks of postpartum visit (postnatal support). PPD was defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥13. Results: A total of 534 pregnant women were included, and among them, 103 (19.3%) scored 13 or more on the EPDS. PPD was 19.4% in the lowest tertile versus 18.4% in the highest quartile (adjusted odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.60, 1.80) for prenatal support from all family members, and PPD was 39.8% in the lowest tertile versus 9.6% in the highest tertile (adjusted odds ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3, 8.4) for postnatal support from all family members. Among family members, support from husband had the largest impact on the risk of developing PPD. Conclusions: Lack of postnatal family support, especially the support from husband, is an important risk factor of PPD.

Social Support and Postpartum Depression Revisited: The Traditional Female Role as Moderator among Mexican Women

“…Lastly, informational support may include advice on proper nutrition or suggestions on how to care for the neonate (Collins et al 1993). Although anyone within a new mother’s social network can provide social support, support from the partner or the woman’s own mother plays the most important role (Clark 2001; Özmen et al 2014; Xie et al 2010). …”

Relação entre Depressão Pós-Parto e Apoio Social: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

“…O SSRS foi empregado em três estudos chineses e contém 10 itens que avaliam três dimensões de apoio social: subjetivo, objetivo e o apoio real recebido da rede social. Cada um dos itens é dividido em quatro níveis de respostas que consideram de nenhum (1) a forte (4) apoio social (Xie et al, 2010).…”

“…Nove trabalhos analisaram relação entre DPP e suporte social em combinação com outros fatores (Dagher et al, 2011;Dennis & Letourneau, 2007;Dindar & Erdogan, 2007;Escribà-Agüir & Artazcoz, 2011;Fonseca et al, 2010;Kirpinar et al, 2010;Leung et al 2005;Özbaşaran et al, 2011;Xie et al, 2010), sendo que, em apenas um estudo (McVey & Tuohy, 2007), foi criado um índice geral de disponibilidade de apoio social, envolvendo oito fontes (parceiro, amigos, mãe, sogra, outras mulheres e homens da família, um visitador domiciliar e o médico). Os autores também usaram as mesmas fontes para criar um índice de satisfação com o apoio social, tendo encontrado que quanto menor a satisfação, maior o nível de sintomas depressivos.…”

“…Escribà-Agüir e Artazcoz (2011) encontraram que a ocorrência de depressão no período de 12 meses após o parto foi maior entre mães com baixo apoio social de pessoas em quem pudessem confiar. Xie et al (2010) encontraram que, no período pré-natal, o baixo apoio do marido e dos pais e, no período pós-parto, o baixo apoio dos familiares, marido, pais e irmãs(ãos) estavam associados com aumento do risco de DPP. Finalmente, Leung et al (2005) (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), como é o caso de Fonseca et al (2010), avaliaram a frequência com que as mulheres julgavam receber, de fontes não especificadas, cinco tipos de apoio: emocional, afetivo, material, de informação e de interação social positiva.…”

Maternal expectations of postpartum social support: validation of the postpartum social support questionnaire during pregnancy

“…Because PPD results in increased morbidity for women, their infants, and their families, early identification of those at risk for PPD is vital for safeguarding familial well-being. Poor social support during the postpartum period is an important risk factor for PPD (O’Hara 1986; Xie et al 2010; Gremigni et al 2011). …”