Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Childhood Autism-related Outcomes

Ames, Jennifer; Burjak, Mohamad; Avalos, Lyndsay A.; Braun, Joseph M.; Bulka, Catherine M.; Croen, Lisa; Dunlop, Anne L.; Ferrara, Assiamira; Fry, Rebecca C.; Hedderson, Monique M.; Liang, Donghai; Lin, Pi‐I D.; Lyall, Kristen; Moore, Brianna F.; Morello‐Frosch, Rachel; O’Connor, Thomas G.; Oh, Jiwon; Padula, Amy; Woodruff, Tracey J.; Zhu, Yeyi

doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001587

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Future work is needed to examine the relevance of these associations of PFAS and placental hCG on child neurodevelopment and other outcomes. 94 This analysis can be enhanced by the inclusion of thyroid hormone, which is involved in fetal brain development. Maternal thyroid hormone is necessary for normal fetal brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Placental Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnancy, Measured in the UPSIDE Study in Rochester, New York

Liang,

Koistinen,

Barrett

et al. 2024

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely detected in pregnant women and associated with adverse outcomes related to impaired placental function. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a dimeric glycoprotein hormone that can indicate placental toxicity. Objectives: Our aim was to quantify the association of serum PFAS with placental hCG, measured as an intact molecule (hCG), as free alpha-( ) and beta-subunits ( ), and as a hyperglycosylated form (h-hCG), and evaluate effect measure modification by social determinants and by fetal sex. Methods: Data were collected from 326 pregnant women enrolled from 2015 to 2019 in the UPSIDE study in Rochester, New York. hCG forms were normalized for gestational age at the time of blood draw in the first trimester [multiple of the median (MoM)]. Seven PFAS were measured in second-trimester maternal serum. Multivariate imputation by chained equations and inverse probability weighting were used to evaluate robustness of linear associations. PFAS mixture effects were estimated by Bayesian kernel machine regression. Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) [ : 0.29 log MoM units per log PFHxS; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.51] and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (hCG: ; 95% CI: , ) were associated with hCG in the single chemical and mixture analyses. The PFAS mixture was negatively associated with and positively with . Subgroup analyses revealed that PFAS associations with hCG differed by maternal race/ethnicity and education. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) was associated with only in Black participants ( ; 95% CI: , ) and in participants with high school education or less ( ; 95% CI: , ); conversely, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was negatively associated with only in White participants ( ; 95% CI: , ) and with only in participants with a college education or greater ( ; 95% CI: , ). These findings were robust to testing for selection bias, confounding bias, and left truncation bias where PFAS detection frequency was . Two associations were negative in male (and null in female) pregnancies: Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) with , and PFNA with h-hCG. Conclusions: Evidence was strongest for the association between PFHxS and PFDA with hCG in all participants and for PFPeA and PFNA within subgroups defined by social determinants and fetal sex. PFAS mixture associations with and differed, suggesting subunit-specific types of toxicity and/or regulation. Future studies will evaluate the biologic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Placental Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnancy, Measured in the UPSIDE Study in Rochester, New York

Liang,

Koistinen,

Barrett

et al. 2024

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The full method for the analysis of 14 PFAS in serum has previously been described [ 57 ] and further explained in the Supplemental methods . This study included analytes with at least 50% of samples above the limit of detection (LOD), as done previously [ 36 , 58 ]. Values below the LOD were imputed with the LOD/ 2 [ 59 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS concentrations in early and mid-pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a nested case-control study within the ethnically and racially diverse PETALS cohort

Peterson,

Zhu,

Fuller

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals and are commonly found in everyday items. PFAS have been linked to disrupting glucose homeostasis, however, whether they are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk remains inconclusive. We examined prospective associations of PFAS concentrations measured twice in pregnancy with GDM risk. Methods In the PETALS pregnancy cohort, a nested case–control study which included 41 GDM cases and 87 controls was conducted. PFAS analytes were measured in blood serum collected in both early and mid-pregnancy (mean [SD]: 13.9 [2.2] and 20.2 [2.2] gestational weeks, respectively), with cumulative exposure calculated by the area-under-the-curve (AUC) to integrate both the PFAS concentration and the timing of the exposure. Individual adjusted weighted unconditional logistic regression models examined seven PFAS in association with GDM risk. P-values were corrected using the false-discovery-rate (FDR). Mixture models were analyzed with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Results PFDA, PFNA and PFOA were individually associated with higher GDM risk per interquartile range (IQR) in early pregnancy (OR [95% CI]: 1.23 [1.09, 1.38]), 1.40 [1.24, 1.58]), and 1.15 [1.04, 1.27], respectively), mid-pregnancy (1.28 [1.15, 1.43], 1.16 [1.05, 1.28], and 1.20 [1.09, 1.33], respectively), and with cumulative exposure (1.23 [1.09, 1.38], 1.21 [1.07, 1.37], and 1.19 [1.09, 1.31], respectively). PFOS in mid-pregnancy and with cumulative exposure was associated with increased GDM risk (1.41 [1.17, 1.71] and 1.33 [1.06, 1.58], respectively). PFUnDA in early pregnancy was associated with lower GDM risk (0.79 [0.64, 0.98]), whereas mid-pregnancy levels were associated with higher risk (1.49 [1.18, 1.89]). PFHxS was associated with decreased GDM risk in early and mid-pregnancy (0.48 [0.38, 0.60] and 0.48 [0.37, 0.63], respectively) and with cumulative exposure (0.49 [0.38,0.63]). PFPeA was not associated with GDM. Similar conclusions were observed in BKMR models; however, overall associations in these models were not statistically significant. Conclusions Higher risk of GDM was consistently observed in association with PFDA, PFNA, and PFOA exposure in both early and mid-pregnancy. Results should be corroborated in larger population-based cohorts and individuals of reproductive age should potentially avoid known sources of PFAS.

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“…, 4 Effect of PFAS on Women's Health PFAS exposure during pregnancy can increase the risk of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia . [29]. This outcome might be brought on by more PFAS levels in breast milk as well as PFAS placental transfer.…”

Section: Pfas In Human Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deteriorating Women's Health Due to Rising Exposure to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Review

Sand,

Kumari

2024

BIO Web Conf.

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A major class of water pollutants emerging as a threat to human health, particularly women's health, is Per-and-poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS belongs to a group of fluorine-containing frequently used synthetic chemicals in consumers and products manufactured by industries. The major concern linked to PFAS is that they exhibit bioaccumulation potential as their perfluorocarbon moieties do not degrade or degrade extremely slowly when exposed to natural elements. The reason PFAS has been termed "forever chemicals." These chemicals are disposed of in aquatic bodies via improper disposal methods, PFAS also build or concentrate in the aquatic environment because they are persistent. These chemicals further enter the human food chain via drinking water. Consumption of PFAS by women leads to catastrophic health effects such as disruption of reproductive functions, development of fetal irregularities in pregnancy, alteration of hormone secretions, menstrual cyclicity irregularities, etc. They have even been linked to life-threatening diseases, such as the development of cancer in women. In this study, we have reviewed the existing research works available to understand the alarming consequences of PFAS on female health and the various challenges being faced due to inadequate treatment and management of these chemicals. Further, the scope of developing mathematical models for studying the extent of the harmful effects of PFAS on women's health as well as devising proper management and disposal practices, is discussed in this paper.

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Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Childhood Autism-related Outcomes

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Placental Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnancy, Measured in the UPSIDE Study in Rochester, New York

Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Placental Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnancy, Measured in the UPSIDE Study in Rochester, New York

PFAS concentrations in early and mid-pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a nested case-control study within the ethnically and racially diverse PETALS cohort

Deteriorating Women's Health Due to Rising Exposure to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Review

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