Preliminary Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics in 8− to 16-Year-Olds with Mania

Botteron, Kelly N.; Vannier, Michael W.; Geller, Barbara; Todd, Richard D.; Lee, Benjamin C. P.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199506000-00014

Cited by 100 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, none of the published structural MRI studies in pediatric BPD have examined the cerebral cortex (5,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48). A recent, voxelbased morphometry study in adolescents with BPD reported GM deficits in the medial TL, orbito-frontal cortex, and the ACC (7), suggestive of more diffuse GM deficits in children affected by the illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical gray matter differences identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric bipolar disorder

et al. 2005

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Objective-Few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of bipolar disorder (BPD) have investigated the entire cerebral cortex. Cortical gray matter (GM) volume deficits have been reported in some studies of adults with BPD; this study assessed the presence of such deficits in children with BPD.Methods-Thirty-two youths with DSM-IV BPD (mean age 11.2 ± 2.8 years) and 15 healthy controls (HC) (11.2 ± 3.0 years) had structured and clinical interviews, neurological examinations, neurocognitive testing, and MRI scanning on a 1.5 T GE Scanner. Image parcellation divided the neocortex into 48 gyral-based units per hemisphere, and these units were combined into frontal (FL), temporal (TL), parietal (PL), and occipital (OL) lobe volumes. Volumetric differences were examined using univariate linear regression models with α = 0.05.Results-Relative to controls, the BPD youth had significantly smaller bilateral PL, and left TL. Analysis of PL and TL gyri showed significantly smaller volume in bilateral postcentral gyrus, and in left superior temporal and fusiform gyri, while the parahippocampal gyri were bilaterally increased in the BPD group. Although the FL overall did not differ between groups, an exploratory analysis showed that the right middle frontal gyrus was also significantly smaller in the BPD group. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptConclusions-Children with BPD showed deficits in PL and TL cortical GM. Further analyses of the PL and TL found differences in areas involved in attentional control, facial recognition, and verbal and declarative memory. These cortical deficits may reflect early age of illness onset. Keywords bipolar; brain imaging techniques; child psychiatry; mood disordersPediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric illness with significant morbidity whose pathophysiology is largely still unknown. The morbidity associated with this disorder is driven, in part, by the child's inability to modulate affect and cognition; those affected by the disorder have a diminished ability to control the intensity of a response to the environment and the ease of recovery from the response. For example, even in euthymic individuals with BPD, there are enduring impairments in attention, executive functioning, processing speed, and in working and verbal declarative memory that lead to difficulties in daily life (1). In addition, individuals who are genetically at risk for developing BPD have deficits in verbal declarative memory, selective and sustained attention, and in working memory, suggesting that these domains may serve as cognitive endophenotypic markers of the disorder that in turn could implicate areas of pathophysiology in the brain (1). For example, these domains of cognitive functioning are largely under the control of the cerebral cortex and are highly heritable (2-4). Therefore, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological correlates that underlie the dysfunction associated with the disorder (5), it is critical to stu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical gray matter differences identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric bipolar disorder

et al. 2005

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“…However, it had several methodological weaknesses, including lack of gender matching, small sample size and a high rate of scan refusal in the subject population [39]. In this study, four of the 8 to 16 year old manic subjects (n = 8) presented with ventricular abnormalities (asymmetry or enlargement), while only one of five controls exhibited ventricular abnormalities.…”

Section: Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The authors discussed finding WMH in subcortical regions by MRI. Later, research by the same group found a similar prevalence rate of WMH in a group of manic adolescents (25%; two out of eight subjects) to that in adults with BD (30%) [39]. However, the difference in WMH levels between the BD and control group did not reach significance, possibly due to the small sample size.…”

Section: White Matter Hyperintensitiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Review of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies in children with bipolar disorder

Adleman¹,

Barnea-Goraly²,

Chang³

2004

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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“…Nevertheless, there were no significant differences compared with the controls, who presented hyperintensities in 13% of the occasions. Botteron et al [43]studied a small sample of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and found that 2 out of 8 patients presented hyperintensities but none of the 5 controls. These pilot studies provide data on the hyperintensities similar to the 30% previously published, but no statistically significant differences were observed compared with the controls due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Findings In the Subcortical White Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesized that smoking may correlate with the hyperintensities observed in depressive patients, but the same was not found in bipolar patients [11, 39, 40, 42]. On the other hand, evidence of a similar percentage of lesions in the white substance in a small population of nonsmoking bipolar children and adolescents argues against a correlation with smoking or consumption of other abusive substances [43]. Recently, Moore et al [48]have related birth season, bipolar outcome, and deep subcortical white matter lesions with a toxic or infective insult in utero.…”

Section: Findings In the Subcortical White Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Somatics of Psyche: Structural Neuromorphometry of Bipolar Disorder

Benabarre¹,

Vieta²,

Martínez‐Arán³

et al. 2002

Psychother Psychosom

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Many neuroimaging investigations report structural differences in subjects with bipolar disorder; however, conflicting results are common in the limited number of available investigations. Thus, the structural correlates of bipolar disorders remain poorly understood. The authors reviewed the early investigations using computed tomography and examined gross structural differences, such as cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, or cerebellar atrophy. Many of these investigations report significant differences in these features compared with controls, whereas others found no such differences. More recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations have employed increasingly sophisticated imaging and research methodologies, allowing for the quantitative examination of specific brain regions. Because neuropsychological and functional studies suggest abnormalities in frontal, temporal and subcortical regions, many investigators have focused their MRI neuromorphometric studies on these temporal limbic structures. However, the number of investigations examining each of these regions remains small, and conflicting results continue to be reported. It seems clear that for many brain regions, the structural changes from normal may be subtle, and that the differences in the reported studies may be due to differences in research methodologies between studies and across centers.

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Preliminary Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics in 8− to 16-Year-Olds with Mania

Cited by 100 publications

References 40 publications

Cortical gray matter differences identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric bipolar disorder

Cortical gray matter differences identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric bipolar disorder

Review of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies in children with bipolar disorder

The Somatics of Psyche: Structural Neuromorphometry of Bipolar Disorder

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