Preliminary assessment of transport processes influencing the penetration of chlorine into wastewater particles and the subsequent inactivation of particle-associated organisms

Dietrich, Joseph P.; Başağaoğlu, Hakan; Loge, Frank J.; Ginn, Timothy R.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00239-7

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consequently, they were unable to completely inactivate P. aeruginosa in their system, despite its relatively low concentration (2.6 log). Disinfection efficacy has been shown to increase with initial applied chlorine dose when micro-organisms are particle-associated because higher chlorine doses lead to increased particle penetration [5,27]. However, the maximum allowable chlorine dose is limited by the fact that residual chlorine should not exceed 4 mg/L to avoid corrosion of fixture components [28].…”

Section: Disinfection Of Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pathogen disinfection and regrowth in a simple graywater recycling system for toilet flushing

Hodgson

Sharvelle

Long

2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TGraywater treatment systems must inactivate pathogens, prevent regrowth, be low cost, and be simple to operate to support their widespread adoption for alleviating water stress. A treatment system comprised only of filtration and disinfection could meet these constraints. To investigate pathogen disinfection and regrowth in such a system with minimal organic matter removal, herein three disinfectants (chlorine, ultraviolet irradiation, and ozone) were tested in combination with three filter types (coarse, sand, and cartridge) for inactivation of pathogens in graywater from the showers and hand washbasins of 14 student residences. Graywater was spiked with bacterial and viral pathogens or surrogates post-filtration. Chlorination post-filtration achieved log reductions greater than 7.1, 8.0, and 7.4 for Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, and 3.8 for MS2 bacteriophage. UV was similarly effective, but would not prevent regrowth without a disinfectant residual. Ozonation generally was ineffective at the doses tested, with the exception that MS2 log removal was 3.7. Pathogen regrowth could be prevented for 4 d with a chlorine residual of 2.75 mg/L even for a simulated high-contamination event (6 log each pathogen). When chlorine residual was maintained, regrowth of indicators and pathogens was prevented for the light graywater investigated.

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Section: Disinfection Of Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pathogen disinfection and regrowth in a simple graywater recycling system for toilet flushing

Hodgson

Sharvelle

Long

2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…In W2 wastewater, both the TBC and HPC were reduced to undetectable levels by chlorine concentrations of 4 and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. Thus, suspended solids did not inhibit bacterial inactivation by chlorine, implying that chlorine is capable of penetrating macroporous network of pathways within wastewater particles (Dietrich et al, 2003). The free and total chlorine were monitored by standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (APHA, 1998) during the disinfection.…”

Section: Wastewater Disinfection With Chlorinementioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of the sequential use of UV irradiation and chlorine to disinfect reclaimed water

Wang

et al. 2012

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tThe effectiveness of UV and chlorination, used individually and sequentially, was investigated in killing pathogenic microorganisms and inhibiting the formation of disinfection by-products in two different municipal wastewaters for the source water of reclaimed water, which were from a microfilter (W1) and membrane bioreactor (W2) respectively.Heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total bacteria count (TBC), and total coliform (TC) were selected to evaluate the efficiency of different disinfection processes. UV inactivation of the three bacteria followed first-order kinetics in W1 wastewater, but in W2 wastewater, the UV doseeresponse curve trailed beyond approximately 10 mJ/cm 2 UV. The higher number of particles in the W2 might have protected the bacteria against UV damage, as UV light alone was not effective in killing HPC in W2 wastewater with higher turbidity. However, chlorine was more effective in W2 than in W1 for the three bacteria inactivation owing to the greater formation of inorganic and organic chloramines in W1 wastewater. Complete inactivation of HPC in W1 wastewater required a chlorine dose higher than 5.5 mg/L, whereas 4.5 mg/L chlorine gave the equivalent result in W2 wastewater. In contrast, sequential UV and chlorine treatment produced a synergistic effect in both wastewater systems and was the most effective option for complete removal of all three bacteria. UV disinfection lowered the required chlorine dose in W1, but not in W2, because of the higher chlorine consumption in W2 wastewater. However, UV irradiation decreased total trihalomethane formation during chlorination in both wastewaters. ª

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“…Suspended particles of secondary effluent from sewage treatment plants provide protection to bacteria and viruses attached to them, causing "tailing" phenomenon in chlorine disinfection process (Dietrich et al, 2003, Tchobaniglous et al, 2004. The number of surviving microorganisms remains stable after a long disinfection period if "tailing" phenomenon happened.…”

Section: Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Enhanced Chlorination of Sewage against "Tailing" Phenomenon

Liang

Liu

et al. 2010

2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

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Combined disinfection with UV radiation and chlorination was investigated to reduce the tailing extent in chlorination of secondary effluent. Impacts of exposure sequences to UV and chlorination, pH, dosage of chlorine and UV dose on kinetic curves of E. coli was evaluated. Suspended solids significantly affect the extent of "tailing" phenomenon. Reduction of SS considerably increased the log-kill in tailing region. Combined disinfection with UV radiation and chlorination substantially increased the disinfection rate by 1.08-1.25 times in fast-order region, and consequently increased the log-kill by 2-2.5 level in tailing region. The synergistic effects of combined disinfection with UV radiation and chlorination were confirmed. UV-HOCl sequence resulted in higher inactivation rate than HOCl-UV sequence. Lowering pH and/or increasing chlorine dosage magnified the enhancements in first-order disinfection rate, and shortened the starting time of tailing region. Variation in UV dose had no significant effects on starting time of tailing region.

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Preliminary assessment of transport processes influencing the penetration of chlorine into wastewater particles and the subsequent inactivation of particle-associated organisms

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Investigation of pathogen disinfection and regrowth in a simple graywater recycling system for toilet flushing

Investigation of pathogen disinfection and regrowth in a simple graywater recycling system for toilet flushing

Synergistic effect of the sequential use of UV irradiation and chlorine to disinfect reclaimed water

UV Enhanced Chlorination of Sewage against "Tailing" Phenomenon

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