Introduction Menstrual cycle disorders and amenorrhea are common problems in women with chronic renal failure. The reason is the suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion due to uremia, and hypothalamopituitary dysfunction. Especially with new and advanced treatment protocols, the rate of conception is now 0.5%-7% among patients with end stage renal failure. As a result of the increase in the success rate of renal transplantations, renal and endocrine functions are rapidly restored in these patients and ovulatory cycles occur. Although a successful conception is achieved after renal transplantation, numerous maternal and fetal risks may arise. It is important to keep the immunosuppressive drug doses used after renal transplantation in pregnant women who underwent renal transplantation at a proper level in terms of both maintaining the graft function and protecting the health of the mother and fetus. While the number of abortions is quite high in these patient groups, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) commonly Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate anesthesia management in cesarean operation of pregnant women who underwent renal transplantation and the effects on postoperative renal function, retrospectively. Materials and methods: After obtaining the approval of the ethics committee of our hospital, the records of pregnant women who underwent kidney transplantation and cesarean section between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients' demographic data, concomitant disease history, the treatment received, and type of anesthesia were retrospectively evaluated and recorded in the follow-up form. Results: It was found that a total of 47 women who underwent renal transplantation had 47 live births by cesarean section. The mean age of the pregnant women was 30 ± 5.34 years. The mean time between renal transplantation and conception was 95.34 ± 55.02 months. It was found that 14 (29%) of a total of 47 patients had their first pregnancy. The number of patients with a gravidity of 4 and above was 9 (19%). A total of 21 (44.7%) pregnant women had spontaneous miscarriage. Five (10.6%) patients were treated with curettage for therapeutic purposes. Twenty-two (46%) of the patients whose immunosuppressive therapy was continuing were treated with azathioprine, tacrolimus, and prednisolone. The mean gestational age of delivery was 36.5 ± 1.59 weeks. The rate of prepregnancy hypertension diagnosis was 25.5% (n = 12), while the rate of developing gestational hypertension was 21.3% (n = 10). Spinal anesthesia was administered to 42 (91%) of 47 patients who underwent cesarean section. In the preoperative period, the mean value of serum blood urea nitrogen was 62.88 ± 41.97 mg/dL and the mean serum creatinine level was 3.21 ± 6.17 mg/dL. In the postoperative period, these values were 44.4 ± 29.9 mg/dL and 1.91 ± 1.63 mg/dL, respectively. When the pre-and postoperative serum urea and creatinine levels were compared, they were found to be lower in the postoperati...