Pregnancy after fertilisation with human testicular spermatozoa

Effect of pentoxifylline on immotile testicular spermatozoa

“…Ten immotile testicular sperm samples obtained as described previously (1,2) were included in the study. In one case, TESE was performed to find live spermatozoa, because viability testing of the ejaculate, done by Eosin Y staining, revealed total necrozoospermia.…”

“…It has been well documented that in couples with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) will allow the development of viable embryos and establishment of viable pregnancies (1,2). Testicular biopsy-extracted spermatozoa are often immature and immotile.…”

Efficacy of cryopreservation of embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa from frozen testicular tissue

“…For obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermic patients, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using spermatozoa obtained from testicular tissue is well established, and has acceptable fertilization and pregnancy rates [1][2][3][4].…”

Genetics of Male Infertility: Evolution of the X and Y Chromosome and Transmission of Male Infertility to Future Generations

“…The most severe cases of male infertility, even with apparently 100% abnormal morphology, and even just rare sperm in the ejaculate, could now have pregnancy and delivery rates apparently no different from conventional IVF with normal sperm Liu et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1995). In 1993, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) in conjunction with ICSI was introduced for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia (Schoysman et al, 1993;Devroey et all, 1994;Silber et al, 1994Silber et al, , 1995aTournaye et al, 1994;Devroey et al, 1995a). Eventually this technique was also used for "non-obstructive" azoospermia (Devroey et al, 1995b;Silber et al, 1995bSilber et al, , 1996Silber et al, , 1998a.…”