Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

Dong, Buwen; Sutton, Rowan; Highwood, Eleanor J.; Wilcox, Laura

doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2671-5

Cited by 57 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…4e). This is consistent with previous studies using other general circulation models with fixed SST (e.g., Jiang et al, 2013;Dong et al, 2016). However, note that the weakening of the EASM in the fast response to SO 4 is too weak to explain the total response of the EASM to SO 4 , especially over eastern China (Fig.…”

Section: Response Of the Easm To So 4 Forcingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Disentangling fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon to reflecting and absorbing aerosol forcings

Wang

Lin

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We examine the roles of fast and slow responses in shaping the total equilibrium response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to reflecting (sulfate, SO 4 ) and absorbing (black carbon, BC) aerosol forcings over the industrial era using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). Our results show that there is a clear distinction between fast and slow responses of the EASM to aerosol forcings and the slow climate response due to aerosol-induced change in sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in the impacts of aerosols on the EASM. The EASM is weakened by a decrease in land-sea surface thermal contrast in the fast response (FR) component to SO 4 forcing, whereas the weakening is more intensive due to the changes in tropospheric thermodynamic and dynamic structures in the slow response (SR) component to SO 4 . The total climate adjustment caused by SO 4 is a significant weakening of the EASM and a decrease in precipitation. The BC-induced fast adjustment strengthens the EASM both by increasing the local land-sea surface thermal contrast and shifting the East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) northwards. The BC-induced slow climate adjustment, however, weakens the EASM through altering the atmospheric temperature and circulation. Consequently, the EASM is slightly enhanced, especially north of 30 • N, in the total response (TR) to BC. The spatial patterns of precipitation change over East Asia due to BC are similar in the total response and slow response.This study highlights the importance of ocean response to aerosol forcings in driving the changes of the EASM.

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Section: Response Of the Easm To So 4 Forcingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Disentangling fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon to reflecting and absorbing aerosol forcings

Wang

Lin

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The detailed description of the indices was available from the website, and the data quality was checked by the corresponding agencies before their release. These selected indices cover all of the potential factors affecting the climate in China [35,36].…”

Section: Atmospheric Circulation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Stream Flow and Their Relationships with Climatic Variations and Anthropogenic Activities in the Poyang Lake Basin, China

Zhao

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:The Poyang Lake Basin has been suffering from severe water problems such as floods and droughts. This has led to great adverse impacts on local ecosystems and water resource utilization. It is therefore important to understand stream flow changes and their driving factors. In this paper, the dynamics of stream flow and precipitation in the Poyang Lake Basin between 1961 and 2012 were evaluated with the Mann-Kendall test, Theil-Sen approaches, Pettitt test, and Pearson's correlation. Stream flow was measured at the outlets of five major tributaries of Poyang Lake, while precipitation was recorded by fourteen meteorological stations located within the Poyang Lake Basin. Results showed that annual stream flow of all tributaries and the precipitation over the study area had insignificant (P > 0.1) temporal trends and change points, while significant trends and shifts were found in monthly scale. Stream flow concentration indices (SCI) at Waizhou, Meigang, and Wanjiabu stations showed significant (P < 0.05) decreasing trends with change points emerging in 1984 at Waizhou and 1978 at Wanjiabu, while there was no significant temporal trend and change point detected for the precipitation concentration indices (PCI). Correlation analysis indicated that area-average stream flow was closely related to area-average precipitation, but area-average SCI was insignificantly correlated with area-average PCI after change point (1984). El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had greater impacts on stream flow than other climate indices, and La Niña events played a more important role in stream flow changes than EI Niño. Human activities, particularly in terms of reservoir constructions, largely altered the intra-annual distribution of stream flow but its effects on the amount of stream flow were relatively low. Results of this study provided a useful reference to regional water resource management and the prevention of flood and drought disasters.

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“…The addition of non-Asian aerosols leads to further suppression of monsoon rainfall over Asia, highlighting the importance of the non-Asian aerosols in changes in Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall across Asia. Dong et al (2016a) indicated that aerosol emissions over Asia and Europe both influence the thermal contrast between Asian land and the western North Pacific, leading to a weakening EASM, but through very different processes. Due to the implementation of air quality legislation, AA precursor emissions over both Europe and North America have continuously declined since the 1980s (Smith et al, 2011;Kühn et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…East Asia is under both local and non-local influences of AA (e.g., Cowan and Cai, 2011;Dong et al, 2016a). The study of Cowan and Cai (2011) indicated that Asian aerosols lead to a weakening of the EASM through aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions (e.g., Twomey, 1977;Rosenfeld et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrupt summer warming and changes in temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s: Drivers and physical processes

et al. 2016

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This study investigated the drivers and physical processes for the abrupt decadal summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes that occurred over Northeast Asia in the mid-1990s. Observations indicate an abrupt increase in summer mean surface air temperature (SAT) over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s. Accompanying this abrupt surface warming, significant changes in some temperature extremes, characterized by increases in summer mean daily maximum temperature (Tmax), daily minimum temperature (Tmin), annual hottest day temperature (TXx), and annual warmest night temperature (TNx) were observed. There were also increases in the frequency of summer days (SU) and tropical nights (TR). Atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by changes in sea surface temperature (SST)/ sea ice extent (SIE), anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, and anthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing, relative to the period 1964-93, reproduced the general patterns of observed summer mean SAT changes and associated changes in temperature extremes, although the abrupt decrease in precipitation since the mid-1990s was not simulated. Additional model experiments with different forcings indicated that changes in SST/SIE explained 76% of the area-averaged summer mean surface warming signal over Northeast Asia, while the direct impact of changes in GHG and AA explained the remaining 24% of the surface warming signal. Analysis of physical processes indicated that the direct impact of the changes in AA (through aerosolradiation and aerosol-cloud interactions), mainly related to the reduction of AA precursor emissions over Europe, played a dominant role in the increase in TXx and a similarly important role as SST/SIE changes in the increase in the frequency of SU over Northeast Asia via AA-induced coupled atmosphere-land surface and cloud feedbacks, rather than through a direct impact of AA changes on cloud condensation nuclei. The modelling results also imply that the abrupt summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s will probably sustain in the next few decades as GHG concentrations continue to increase and AA precursor emissions over both North America and Europe continue to decrease.

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Preferred response of the East Asian summer monsoon to local and non-local anthropogenic sulphur dioxide emissions

Cited by 57 publications

References 64 publications

Disentangling fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon to reflecting and absorbing aerosol forcings

Disentangling fast and slow responses of the East Asian summer monsoon to reflecting and absorbing aerosol forcings

Changes in Stream Flow and Their Relationships with Climatic Variations and Anthropogenic Activities in the Poyang Lake Basin, China

Abrupt summer warming and changes in temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s: Drivers and physical processes

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