Predictors of elders' and family caregivers' use of formal home services

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to examine the characteristics of care recipients, caregivers, and their relationship to predict the use of formal services in the home by functionally impaired elders, and to explore the effect of informal care on formal service use in the home. A secondary analysis of data from the informal caregiver questionnaire and the community survey of the 1989 National Long-Term Care Survey was performed using logistic regression analysis. Results showed that the utilization of formal services was less frequent as the hours of informal care increased. Care recipient characteristics that emerged as important predictors included residence in elder housing, recent hospitalization, gender, limitations in activities of daily living, recipient of Medicaid, age, quantity of informal care, and number of household members. Important caregiver characteristics included difficulty getting around outside, rearrangement of work hours, and bowel and bladder care performed by female caregivers. The findings from this study support the consideration of both care recipient and caregiver characteristics when predicting the utilization of formal service use in the home. Data also support the development of interventions to promote the caregiving process.

Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling

“…Because of the relationship between education and socioeconomic status, these CGs have more financial resources to use support services in the caregiving situation. In contrast to the literature, in our study there was a correlation between higher IADL effort and expressed need [ 7 ]. However, the overall time spent on caregiving and activities of daily living (ADL) are considered predictors of professional help seeking [ 13 , 19 ].…”

Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling

“…Because of the relationship between education and socioeconomic status, these CGs have more financial resources to use support services in the caregiving situation. In contrast to the literature, in our study there was a correlation between higher IADL effort and expressed need [ 7 ]. However, the overall time spent on caregiving and activities of daily living (ADL) are considered predictors of professional help seeking [ 13 , 19 ].…”

Perceived social support and self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal control

“…Raj et al 14 found that relatives of patients with schizophrenia suffered significantly higher social burden and Social support has been shown to serve as a buffer against the negative effects that are associated with family caregiving. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19] The present study reported that there was a significant difference in self-esteem and lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. The results are in line with previous studies, Rajendran et al 20 showed the significantly lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.…”

Caregiving Burden, Acculturation, Familism, and Mexican American Elders’ Use of Home Care Services

“…Bass and Noelker’s (1987) work with Black and Anglo American participants tested and found associations between subjective burden and use of home care services. Houde’s (1998) work with Anglo American participants tested and found associations between objective burden and use of home care services. Our study allowed for not only an assessment of the main effect of subjective and objective burden on use of home care services but also their interaction.…”

“…Third, home care services provide needed assistance and education to distressed family caregivers and reduce caregiving burden (National Family Caregivers Association & Family Caregiving Alliance, 2006). Empirical studies with primarily Anglo American samples have shown that higher caregiving burden leads to more admissions to long-term care facilities (Bass & Noelker, 1987; Houde, 1998) or to greater use of home care services (Crist, Kim, Pasvogel, & Velázquez, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine factors that predict use of home care services by Mexican American elders.…”

Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling

“…Because of the relationship between education and socioeconomic status, these CGs have more financial resources to use support services in the caregiving situation. In contrast to the literature, in our study there was a correlation between higher IADL effort and expressed need [ 7 ]. However, the overall time spent on caregiving and activities of daily living (ADL) are considered predictors of professional help seeking [ 13 , 19 ].…”

Perceived social support and self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal control

“…Raj et al 14 found that relatives of patients with schizophrenia suffered significantly higher social burden and Social support has been shown to serve as a buffer against the negative effects that are associated with family caregiving. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19] The present study reported that there was a significant difference in self-esteem and lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. The results are in line with previous studies, Rajendran et al 20 showed the significantly lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.…”

Caregiving Burden, Acculturation, Familism, and Mexican American Elders’ Use of Home Care Services

“…Bass and Noelker’s (1987) work with Black and Anglo American participants tested and found associations between subjective burden and use of home care services. Houde’s (1998) work with Anglo American participants tested and found associations between objective burden and use of home care services. Our study allowed for not only an assessment of the main effect of subjective and objective burden on use of home care services but also their interaction.…”

“…Third, home care services provide needed assistance and education to distressed family caregivers and reduce caregiving burden (National Family Caregivers Association & Family Caregiving Alliance, 2006). Empirical studies with primarily Anglo American samples have shown that higher caregiving burden leads to more admissions to long-term care facilities (Bass & Noelker, 1987; Houde, 1998) or to greater use of home care services (Crist, Kim, Pasvogel, & Velázquez, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine factors that predict use of home care services by Mexican American elders.…”

Predictors of expressed, felt, and normative needs for informal caregiver counseling

“…Because of the relationship between education and socioeconomic status, these CGs have more financial resources to use support services in the caregiving situation. In contrast to the literature, in our study there was a correlation between higher IADL effort and expressed need [ 7 ]. However, the overall time spent on caregiving and activities of daily living (ADL) are considered predictors of professional help seeking [ 13 , 19 ].…”

Perceived social support and self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal control

“…Raj et al 14 found that relatives of patients with schizophrenia suffered significantly higher social burden and Social support has been shown to serve as a buffer against the negative effects that are associated with family caregiving. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19] The present study reported that there was a significant difference in self-esteem and lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. The results are in line with previous studies, Rajendran et al 20 showed the significantly lower level of self-esteem among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.…”

Caregiving Burden, Acculturation, Familism, and Mexican American Elders’ Use of Home Care Services

“…Bass and Noelker’s (1987) work with Black and Anglo American participants tested and found associations between subjective burden and use of home care services. Houde’s (1998) work with Anglo American participants tested and found associations between objective burden and use of home care services. Our study allowed for not only an assessment of the main effect of subjective and objective burden on use of home care services but also their interaction.…”

“…Third, home care services provide needed assistance and education to distressed family caregivers and reduce caregiving burden (National Family Caregivers Association & Family Caregiving Alliance, 2006). Empirical studies with primarily Anglo American samples have shown that higher caregiving burden leads to more admissions to long-term care facilities (Bass & Noelker, 1987; Houde, 1998) or to greater use of home care services (Crist, Kim, Pasvogel, & Velázquez, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine factors that predict use of home care services by Mexican American elders.…”