Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

Kim, Julie J; Yoon, Ji-Hyun; Lee, Yong-Jae; Park, Byoungjin; Jung, Dong-Hyuk

doi:10.3390/nu13093231

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This study found that low AIP in Korean adult men was favorable for body weight, waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid metabolism parameters. Studies by Zhu et al [ 15 ] and Kim [ 34 ], in which AIP levels were divided into quartiles as done in this study, reported that as AIP values increased from the first to fourth quartile, BMI values increased. In particular, the study by Zhu et al found an association between AIP and obesity; when a BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2 was defined as obesity, higher AIP levels were positively and strongly associated with obesity [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES

et al. 2022

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been linked to one of the highest death rates globally. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) may be an important predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, superior to the standard atherosclerotic lipid profile. This study investigated the relationship between AIP and obesity indices, blood glucose, lipid profile, and nutrient intake status in Korean adult men. The study included 1292 males aged ≥19 years old who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014. Participants were divided into four groups according to AIP quartiles, calculated as log (triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased as AIP levels increased, whereas HDL-C level declined. As the level of AIP increased, intake of saturated fatty acid, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, milk, and dairy product decreased significantly, and the contribution rate of milk and dairy products to fat intake decreased. AIP was linked to obesity indices, blood glucose, and blood lipid profile in Korean men, suggesting that it could predict CAD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES

et al. 2022

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“…The present research is based on the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) datasets, which aimed to explore and characterize cardiovascular risk factors among Koreans without diabetes [ 14 , 15 ]. The cohort consisted of 20,530 subjects who voluntarily underwent medical examinations at Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital between November 2006 and June 2010 ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Effects of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels and Their Ratio on Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Korean Adults

2022

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Serum calcium and phosphate levels are controlled by a regulatory system, but their individual concentration tendencies and interactions may affect long-term vascular health. This study aimed to assess the effects of serum calcium and phosphate levels on incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a large-scale community-dwelling Korean cohort. We evaluated 15,259 non-diabetic individuals (median age, 45 years; range, 30–85) without previous IHD or ischemic stroke using the Korean National Health Insurance data. The study population was classified based on the calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratios. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD over 50 months after baseline enrolment. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of IHD gradually increased with serum calcium and phosphate quartiles and decreased with calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles, with an overall crude rate of 2.1% (315/15,259). After setting the lowest calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles as a reference group, the HRs (95% CIs) of the highest calcium, phosphate, and calcium/phosphate ratio quartiles for IHD were 1.77 (1.15–2.72), 1.73 (1.18–2.55), and 0.58 (0.39–0.87), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were positively associated with IHD incidence, while the serum calcium/phosphate ratio exhibited an inverse relationship. Serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis may merit serious consideration to understand the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis as a risk modifier for IHD.

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“…In combination with related studies predicting prognosis for non-diabetic patients, AIP index is thought to have priority [ 18 , 44 ]. For non-diabetic patients who had previous received PCI therapy upon admission, an assessment of metabolism dysfunction could be useful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherogenic index of plasma for non-diabetic, coronary artery disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study of the long-term outcomes in China

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2022

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Background Non-diabetic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are thought to encounter metabolic dysfunction and while these changes may be imperceptible to the patient they probably influence outcomes. At present, there is no system to support patients sensing these subtle changes, nor is there an established model for prognoses. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) index has already proven useful for atherosclerosis although further research is needed, especially for those without hyperglycemia. Methods This is a prospective study of 5538 non-diabetic CAD patients who had received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Participants were assigned to one of three groups according to their AIP index. High AIP index cases were then compared to low index patients according to major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was also conducted to investigate interrelations between AIP index levels and hazard ratios (HR) for MACEs. Results Patients with a high AIP index encountered metabolic dysfunction compared to those with a low AIP index i.e., higher Body Mass Index (BMI), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), and uric acid as well as lower HDL-C. Each of the aforementioned interrelations were significant with p values of less than 0.001. There was also a significant increase in the number of MACEs in the high AIP index group compared to the low AIP index group (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.81; p = 0.025). A J-shaped RCS curve highlighted a change in the HR after the 0.18 juncture (HR per SD: 1.20, 95% CI 0.96–1.50). Further subgroup analysis supported the main findings, all with HRs greater than one. Conclusion The AIP index could be used in prognostics for non-diabetic CAD patients 2 years after PCI. The relationship between hazard ratio and the AIP index appears to be J-shaped. Although, further multi-center studies designed for non-diabetic patients with potential metabolic dysfunction should be conducted to determine the value of the AIP index.

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Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES

Longitudinal Effects of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels and Their Ratio on Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Korean Adults

Atherogenic index of plasma for non-diabetic, coronary artery disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study of the long-term outcomes in China

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