Prediction of spatial patterns of collapsed pipes in loess-derived soils in a temperate humid climate using logistic regression

Verachtert, Els; Eeckhaut, Miet Van Den; Poesen, Jean; Govers, Gérard; Deckers, Jozef

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.015

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is possible that the local hydraulic gradients and the subsurface contributing area that influence pipeflow do not necessary equal S and A , calculated at the soil surface. Nevertheless, S and A are important factors controlling the location of collapsed pipes in the study area (Verachtert et al , ) and one could expect that locations with a steep S and a large A have more intense subsurface erosion. A possible explanation why S and A are not found to influence the eroded soil volume locally may be the common practice among farmers of filling in the collapsed pipes as soon as they form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil loss rates due to piping erosion

Verachtert

Maetens

Eeckhaut

et al. 2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Compared with surface soil erosion by water, subsurface erosion (piping) is generally less studied and harder to quantify. However, wherever piping occurs, it is often a significant or even the main sediment source. In this study, the significance of soil loss due to piping is demonstrated through an estimation of soil volume lost from pipes and pipe collapses (n = 560) in 137 parcels under pasture on loess-derived soils in a temperate humid climate (Belgium). Assuming a period of 5 to 10 years for pipe collapse to occur, mean soil loss rates of 2.3 and 4.6 t ha −1 yr −1 are obtained, which are at least one order of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (0.01-0.29 t ha −1 yr −1 ) by sheet and rill erosion under a similar land use. The results obtained for the study area in the Flemish Ardennes correspond well to other measurements in temperate environments; they are, however, considerably smaller than soil loss rates due to subsurface erosion in semi-arid environments. Although local slope gradient and drainage area largely control the location of collapsed pipes in the study area, these topographic parameters do not explain differences in eroded volumes by piping. Hence, incorporation of subsurface erosion in erosion models is not straightforward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil loss rates due to piping erosion

Verachtert

Maetens

Eeckhaut

et al. 2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Tree roots are known to increase the mechanical strength of the soil (Sidle et al ., ; Sidle, ) and forest soils experience less biological activity by earthworms and burrowing animals, such as moles, compared with pastures (Edwards and Bohlen, ). Pastures in the study area have the highest density of earthworm channels compared with other land uses, especially at the depth where pipes occur (Verachtert et al ., ; ). Also Jones and Cottrell () reported a reduction in soil pipes after afforestation in peat lands in the UK and suggested that the reduction is primarily due to a decrease in the volume of throughflow beneath the forest caused by an increase in evapotranspiration and an increase in mechanical strength by root reinforcement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(a) Location of the study area in Belgium and topography of the study area (236 km 2 ) with indication of the mapped collapsed pipes; (b) susceptibility map for pipe collapse (after Verachtert et al ., ). This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/espl…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial interaction between collapsed pipes and landslides in hilly regions with loess‐derived soils

Verachtert

Eeckhaut

Poesen

et al. 2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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While most studies focus on the effect of soil pipes on hillslope stability, this present study investigates the impact of landsliding on pipe development. It is hypothesized that poorly drained active and dormant landslides change the hillslope hydrology through (i) surface flow obstruction, by changing topography, as well as (ii) subsurface flow obstruction by tilting lesspermeable clay-rich substrates. Hence, new preferential flow paths are created at reverse slopes within the landslide zone and at the boundary of the landslide, enhancing pipe formation. This study aims at a better understanding of the interaction between collapsed pipe (CP) occurrence and landslide (LS) occurrence in the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium) by comparing their respective spatial patterns. At least 24.5% of the 139 sites with CP were related to the occurrence of an observed LS. Poorly drained LS may create favourable conditions for pipe development. Outside LS, natural and anthropogenic (e.g. broken field drains, road drainage) causes may result in concentrated subsurface flow, resulting in pipe development. No evidence was found that pipe development enhanced LS, probably because the subsurface drainage discharge generated upslope of the LS is too low. Even when pipes become blocked, it is more likely that new pipes develop and new collapses occur than they trigger or reactivate LS. A conceptual model is presented summarizing all elements that influence piping erosion in the Flemish Ardennes, including the role of LS.

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“…Gabriels et al, 1977;Govers and Poesen, 1988;Poesen, 1989;Govers, 1991;Poesen, 1993;Poesen et al, 1996Poesen et al, , 1998Nachtergaele et al, 2001;Nachtergaele and Poesen, 2002;Vanwalleghem et al, 2005) less is known about the piping processes and pipe development in this area (e.g. Poesen, 1989;Verachtert et al, 2010;Verachtert et al, 2011).…”

Section: Piping Erosion Susceptibility Of Different Loess-derived Soimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, observations made in Belgium (e.g. Poesen, 1989;Verachtert et al, 2010;Verachtert et al, 2011), Germany (Hardenbicker, 1998Botschek et al, 2002a,b), Poland (Malinowski, 1963) and Hungary (Kerényi, 1994) reveal the importance of piping in loessderived soils under a temperate climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%