Prediction of Concrete Deterioration by Cyclic Freezing and Thawing

Experimental and Numerical Study of Structural Effects of Anisotropic Frost Damage on Reinforced Concrete Beams

“…because of its smaller cross-section: each side of 100 mm, than that of the RC beams. Note that larger N 1 and N 2 signify a lower degree of damage in accordance with the definition of standardized FT cycles (Ishii et al 1997). Figure 8(b) shows that the inner part of the section presents larger N 1 , meaning less degree of damage.…”

“…5, the temperature distribution in a section of the RC beams is predicted first. Then the predicted temperatures and W/C of the RC beams are substituted to calculate the standardized FT cycles (Ishii et al 1997). Finally, the relations between the number of FT cycles and the expansion strains are formulated based on Fig.…”

“…2 is converted to the number of standardized FT cycles as in Eq. (4), which was proposed empirically by Ishii et al (1997). The procedure to obtain expansion strains is presented in Fig.…”

Development of a Prediction Model for Lifespan Reduction Based on the Freezing and Thawing of Cement Paste Composite Material Considering Seasonal Environment

“…In this research, however, only the lowest temperature for freezing that is believed to have the biggest effect is considered. That is because the temperature elements such as freezing speed, thawing temperature and the duration of the lowest temperature for freezing are considered to have little effect on the resistance to freezing and thawing in the temperature range under natural environment [5][6][7] The methods to evaluate the reduction of durability due to freezing and thawing includes change of strength, change of length, change of mass and so forth. In this research, however, change of strength of concrete was focused and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity is used, which is generally used to represent the reduction process of concrete durability in freezing and thawing test.…”