Predicting Value of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Its Correlations With Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

<jats:p>Aims: Despite several clinical risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), some newly identified biomarkers may also potentially serve as risk factors for AF. However, none of these factors so far have been adopted in clinical practice. Recently, a number of studies with an attempt to identify the role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in AF have obtained ambiguous results. We try to identify the predicting role of GDF-15 in AF and AF-related complications with meta-analysis or systematic analysis. Methods and results: We enrolled 10 studies, looking at the predicting role of GDF-15 in non-valvular AF using meta-analysis, summarized its role in AF-related major complications, and discussed whether it was dependable to forecast postoperative AF. It turned out that GDF-15 is an independent factor to predict occurrence of AF, while it remains obscure to directly demonstrate its relationship with postoperative AF. For AF patients on anti-platelet treatment, GDF-15 plays a critical role in predicting major bleeding, cardiovascular death and overall death, and improves the current predicting model. Conclusions: Circulating GDF-15 greatly associates with AF and AF-related complications. It should be applied clinically.</jats:p>

The effect of left atrial appendage closure on heart failure biomarkers: A PRAGUE‐17 trial subanalysis

“…In two large, prospective, community‐based proteomic studies, higher levels of GDF‐15 were associated with HF incidence or worsening independently of established risk factors 16 . In AF patients, higher concentrations of GDF‐15 has been associated with a worse prognosis including higher risk for CV death 17 . In the RE‐LY study, annual rates of stroke and CV mortality increased with higher GDF‐15 levels 18 .…”

“…16 In AF patients, higher concentrations of GDF-15 has been associated with a worse prognosis including higher risk for CV death. 17 In the RE-LY study, annual rates of stroke and CV mortality increased with higher GDF-15 levels. 18 In models adjusted for clinical characteristics as well as for other biomarkers, GDF-15…”

Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels predict adverse respiratory outcomes in premature neonates

“…This may reflect the systemic inflammatory stress in these neonates. However, GDF15 might play a causative role, as GDF15 exhibits an inhibitory role on platelet integrins 40 and higher GDF15 levels have been associated with higher incidence of atrial fibrillation‐related bleeding in patient on antiplatelet medications 41 . GDF15 is also known as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐activated gene (NAG‐1) and is induced by the administration of NSAIDs, including indomethacin 42 and ibuprofen 43 .…”

“…with higher incidence of atrial fibrillation-related bleeding in patient on antiplatelet medications. 41 GDF15 is also known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) and is induced by the administration of NSAIDs, including indomethacin 42 and ibuprofen. 43 Many preterm neonates are exposed to NSAIDs to prevent IVH or treat a hemodynamically significant PDA.…”

The Efficacy of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in the Prevention of Left Atrial Thrombus in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Compared With Vitamin K Antagonists: A Meta-Analysis

“…GDF-15 is associated with AF-related complications [Zhou 2019]. This meta-analysis provided insights into the effects of the anticoagulation on incidence of thrombus in AF patients.…”