Predicting the thermocline in a circulation model of the North sea — part I: model description, calibration and verification

Looking beyond stratification: a model-based analysis of the biological drivers of oxygen depletion in the North Sea

“…Our analysis suggests that advection usually only has a minor effect on the bottom O 2 dynamics in most North Sea regions which contradicts the interpretation by Queste et al (2013). However, during years of especially low bottom O 2 concentrations it may play an important role for the recovery of the O 2 levels before the breakdown of stratification in autumn.…”

“…The areas directly north and south of the Doggerbank also reveal lower bottom O 2 concentrations in both years.The stratification periods derived from the simulation are in good agreement with the different stratification regimes described byPingree et al (1978) andvan Leeuwen et al (2015). The latter applied a density-based stratification criterion on model results to subdivide the North Sea into areas of different stratification characteristics, and showed that most areas of the seasonally stratified central and northern North Sea reveal stratification periods of 170 to 230 days.The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions(Greenwood et al, 2010) Queste et al (2013). also observed lower bottom O 2 concen-…”

“…The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions (Greenwood et al, 2010). Queste et al (2013) trations north of the Dogger Bank in August 2010, however, they found the minimum concentrations a bit further north around 57 • N.…”

Looking beyond stratification: a model-based analysis of the biological drivers of oxygen depletion in the North Sea

“…Our analysis suggests that advection usually only has a minor effect on the bottom O 2 dynamics in most North Sea regions which contradicts the interpretation by Queste et al (2013). However, during years of especially low bottom O 2 concentrations it may play an important role for the recovery of the O 2 levels before the breakdown of stratification in autumn.…”

“…The areas directly north and south of the Doggerbank also reveal lower bottom O 2 concentrations in both years.The stratification periods derived from the simulation are in good agreement with the different stratification regimes described byPingree et al (1978) andvan Leeuwen et al (2015). The latter applied a density-based stratification criterion on model results to subdivide the North Sea into areas of different stratification characteristics, and showed that most areas of the seasonally stratified central and northern North Sea reveal stratification periods of 170 to 230 days.The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions(Greenwood et al, 2010) Queste et al (2013). also observed lower bottom O 2 concen-…”

“…The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions (Greenwood et al, 2010). Queste et al (2013) trations north of the Dogger Bank in August 2010, however, they found the minimum concentrations a bit further north around 57 • N.…”

The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea

“…pH values in Dutch coastal waters decreased from 1990 to 2006 drastically. Changes in nutrient variability were identified as possible drivers (Provoost et al, 2010), which is consistent with model simulations by Borges and Gypens (2010). Moreover, despite the assumption of decreasing overall TA export rates from the Wadden Sea, the impact of the North Frisian Wadden Sea on the carbonate system of the German Bight could potentially adjust to a change in tidal prisms and thus a modulation in imported organic matter.…”

Mechanisms controlling the air–sea CO2 flux in the North Sea

“…Pohlmann, 2006). More details on the circulation model can be found in Pohlmann (1996Pohlmann ( , 2006. The simulations successfully reproduce the observed DIC patterns in both the southern and northern North Sea (Figs.…”

Looking beyond stratification: a model-based analysis of the biological drivers of oxygen depletion in the North Sea

“…Our analysis suggests that advection usually only has a minor effect on the bottom O 2 dynamics in most North Sea regions which contradicts the interpretation by Queste et al (2013). However, during years of especially low bottom O 2 concentrations it may play an important role for the recovery of the O 2 levels before the breakdown of stratification in autumn.…”

“…The areas directly north and south of the Doggerbank also reveal lower bottom O 2 concentrations in both years.The stratification periods derived from the simulation are in good agreement with the different stratification regimes described byPingree et al (1978) andvan Leeuwen et al (2015). The latter applied a density-based stratification criterion on model results to subdivide the North Sea into areas of different stratification characteristics, and showed that most areas of the seasonally stratified central and northern North Sea reveal stratification periods of 170 to 230 days.The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions(Greenwood et al, 2010) Queste et al (2013). also observed lower bottom O 2 concen-…”

“…The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions (Greenwood et al, 2010). Queste et al (2013) trations north of the Dogger Bank in August 2010, however, they found the minimum concentrations a bit further north around 57 • N.…”

The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea

“…pH values in Dutch coastal waters decreased from 1990 to 2006 drastically. Changes in nutrient variability were identified as possible drivers (Provoost et al, 2010), which is consistent with model simulations by Borges and Gypens (2010). Moreover, despite the assumption of decreasing overall TA export rates from the Wadden Sea, the impact of the North Frisian Wadden Sea on the carbonate system of the German Bight could potentially adjust to a change in tidal prisms and thus a modulation in imported organic matter.…”

Mechanisms controlling the air–sea CO2 flux in the North Sea

“…Pohlmann, 2006). More details on the circulation model can be found in Pohlmann (1996Pohlmann ( , 2006. The simulations successfully reproduce the observed DIC patterns in both the southern and northern North Sea (Figs.…”

Looking beyond stratification: a model-based analysis of the biological drivers of oxygen depletion in the North Sea

“…Our analysis suggests that advection usually only has a minor effect on the bottom O 2 dynamics in most North Sea regions which contradicts the interpretation by Queste et al (2013). However, during years of especially low bottom O 2 concentrations it may play an important role for the recovery of the O 2 levels before the breakdown of stratification in autumn.…”

“…The areas directly north and south of the Doggerbank also reveal lower bottom O 2 concentrations in both years.The stratification periods derived from the simulation are in good agreement with the different stratification regimes described byPingree et al (1978) andvan Leeuwen et al (2015). The latter applied a density-based stratification criterion on model results to subdivide the North Sea into areas of different stratification characteristics, and showed that most areas of the seasonally stratified central and northern North Sea reveal stratification periods of 170 to 230 days.The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions(Greenwood et al, 2010) Queste et al (2013). also observed lower bottom O 2 concen-…”

“…The increased potential for low O 2 conditions north and south of the Doggerbank corresponds well to observed bottom O 2 time series in these regions (Greenwood et al, 2010). Queste et al (2013) trations north of the Dogger Bank in August 2010, however, they found the minimum concentrations a bit further north around 57 • N.…”

The impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North Sea

“…pH values in Dutch coastal waters decreased from 1990 to 2006 drastically. Changes in nutrient variability were identified as possible drivers (Provoost et al, 2010), which is consistent with model simulations by Borges and Gypens (2010). Moreover, despite the assumption of decreasing overall TA export rates from the Wadden Sea, the impact of the North Frisian Wadden Sea on the carbonate system of the German Bight could potentially adjust to a change in tidal prisms and thus a modulation in imported organic matter.…”

Mechanisms controlling the air–sea CO2 flux in the North Sea

“…Pohlmann, 2006). More details on the circulation model can be found in Pohlmann (1996Pohlmann ( , 2006. The simulations successfully reproduce the observed DIC patterns in both the southern and northern North Sea (Figs.…”