2002
DOI: 10.3201/eid0803.010166
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Abstract: The distribution and abundance of Ixodes scapularis were studied in Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and portions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan by inspecting small mammals for ticks and by collecting questing ticks at 138 locations in state parks and natural areas. Environmental data were gathered at a local level (i.e., micro and meso levels), and a geographic information system (GIS) was used with several digitized coverages of environmental data to create a habitat profile for each site and a grid map for… Show more

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Cited by 279 publications
(226 citation statements)
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“…Although incorporating landcover at the continental scale did not increase model fit, our model of suitability is still contingent on the presence of a suitable physical landscape. Previously, landscape features such as deciduous forest and sandy soils that are correlated with I. scapularis presence (Kitron, Bouseman et al 1991;Glass, Amerasinghe et al 1994;Bertrand and Wilson 1996) were used to develop a habitat suitability model for I. scapularis (Guerra, Walker et al 2002). For instance, though our model predicts large areas of climate suitability, the distribution of I. scapularis within these areas is discontinuous as a result of landscape variability (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although incorporating landcover at the continental scale did not increase model fit, our model of suitability is still contingent on the presence of a suitable physical landscape. Previously, landscape features such as deciduous forest and sandy soils that are correlated with I. scapularis presence (Kitron, Bouseman et al 1991;Glass, Amerasinghe et al 1994;Bertrand and Wilson 1996) were used to develop a habitat suitability model for I. scapularis (Guerra, Walker et al 2002). For instance, though our model predicts large areas of climate suitability, the distribution of I. scapularis within these areas is discontinuous as a result of landscape variability (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…or its structure (shape, edge, neighbors, etc.). Applications of landscape ecology include different diseases such as trypanosomiasis [10,18] and Lyme disease [22,27,28,40]. Such applications to vectors and vector-borne diseases have been reviewed by Kitron [29].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…How long will it take for the resistant organisms or resistance genes to diffuse through the studied ecosystem? An output of this type of analysis might be a risk map that has been used to document the geographical, seasonal or annual occurrence of infectious agents, especially vector-borne diseases 33,[77][78][79][80] . Analyses involving diarrhoeal diseases have also been conducted, and some of these have included socioeconomic and sanitation variables [81][82][83][84][85] .…”
Section: Incorporating Landscape Ecologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Relevant data that could be included in an analysis of the environment and infectious disease might include the location of sampling, the distribution of hosts that are capable of harbouring the microorganisms in question, the spatial determinants of the transmission or selection of these microorganisms (for example, air, water, dissemination by wildlife), and any constraints to movement or dissemination of the microorganisms. These approaches have been incorporated into the study of various vector-borne diseases to predict risks in relation to specific geographical factors [31][32][33] . Unfortunately, the approaches of landscape ecology have rarely been applied to studies of antibiotic resistance, and then only in a superficial manner.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%