Predicting the dependencies of rainfall‐runoff responses on human forest disturbances with soil loss based on the runoff mechanisms in granite and sedimentary rock mountains

Tani, Makoto; Fujimoto, Motoaki; Katsuyama, Masanori; Kojima, Nagahiro; Hosoda, Ikuhiro; Kosugi, Ken’ichirou; Kosugi, Yukio; Nakamura, Shotaro

doi:10.1002/hyp.8295

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Tani et al [3] showed a flow duration curve from hourly runoff volume for 1 year obtained by calculations, The annual maximum hour runoff volume (left end of flow duration curve) and annual minimum hour runoff volume (right end of flow duration curve) are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Results Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F2 catchment belongs to the temple established in the 9th century. The forest soil in F2 catchment is well developed as classified into brown forest soil noted by Tani et al [3]. The forest ages are 0 year for Rachi (bare) catchment, 46 years for Jakujo and 106 years for Kiryu, when runoff volume data were observed to identify the parameters by Tani et al [3].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Forest Maturity and Forest Functionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Tani et al [3] performed identification of Hy-Cy model parameters for not only Kiryu and Rachi (bare) catchments shown in Table 1, but also Jakujo catchment (34.93 o N, 135.98 o E) and F2 catchment (34.92 o N, 135.97 o E) adjacent to Kiryu and Rachi (bare) catchments. Jakujo and F2 catchments are also based on weathered granite.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Forest Maturity and Forest Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Forest Functions of Flood Control and Water Resources Conservation

Tamai¹

2020

Int. J. EI

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Forests have the functions of 'flood control' and 'water resources conservation'. The forest management system for suitable water runoff will change according to the relationship between two functions whether trade-off or compatible. Therefore, the relationship between the two functions is examined in this report. The simulated water runoff from watersheds those were once bare hill and were covered by forests with 0 to 100 years old were analysed. The process-based model that reproduces each simple process of water movement in the forested basin was used to simulate the water runoff under the conditions of different forest soils and vegetation. As results, the developed forest soil has the effect to reduce runoff during high water and increase runoff during drought. This effect is called 'runoff delay effect'. On the other, developed forest vegetation has the effect to reduce runoff during low and drought due to evapotranspiration, but has little effect on runoff during high water. These results mean that the both forest functions of 'flood control' and 'water resources conservation' derives from the work of the developed forest soil. Then two functions are concluded to be compatible. From the above results, forest management system for suitable water runoff should have the first purpose of forest soil conservation. Forest vegetation plays an important role in conserving forest soils. Poor forest vegetation results in surface erosion and land slide resulting in loss of forest soil. Even when harvesting forest vegetation, the works should be taken to preserve the forest soil. In areas where water resources are scarce, suboptimal measures may be used to reduce forest vegetation to reduce evapotranspiration. It may be necessary to determine the amount of forest vegetation by comparing the risk of soil loss and the expected increase in drought runoff.

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Section: Results Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Forest Maturity and Forest Functionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Evaluation Of Forest Maturity and Forest Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Forest Functions of Flood Control and Water Resources Conservation

Tamai¹

2020

Int. J. EI

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“…If the drainage capacity of the downslope flow is so large that the storage change in response to the flow rate is negligible compared to that in the vertical unsaturated flow, the dependence of the RBPI values on slope length may almost disappear, as shown in the right panel of Fig. 6; these values may also differ from those predicted by a distributed runoff model in which the 4464 Makoto Tani: A paradigm shift in stormflow predictions stormflow component is represented by only a downslopeflow component (Ishihara and Takasao, 1964;Troch et al, 2003). The dependence of stormflow responses on unsaturated vertical flow has often been discussed from on-site observations (Montgomery and Dietrich, 2002) and from theoretical considerations (Tani, 1985a;Kosugi, 1999).…”

Section: A Possible Modelling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradigm shift in stormflow predictions for active tectonic regions with large-magnitude storms: generalisation of catchment observations by hydraulic sensitivity analysis and insight into soil-layer evolution

Tani¹

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In active tectonic regions with large-magnitude storms, it is still difficult to predict stormflow responses by distributed runoff models from the catchment properties without a parameter calibration using observational data. This paper represents an attempt to address the problem. A review of observational studies showed that the stormflow generation mechanism was heterogeneous and complex, but stormflow responses there were simply simulated by a single tank with a drainage hole when the stormflowcontribution area was spatially invariable due to the sufficient amount of rainfall supply. These results suggested such a quick inflow/outflow waveform transmission was derived from the creation of a hydraulic continuum under a quasisteady state. General conditions necessary for the continuum creation were theoretically examined by a sensitivity analysis for a sloping soil layer. A new similarity framework using the Richards equation was developed for specifying the sensitivities of waveform transmission to topographic and soil properties. The sensitivity analysis showed that saturationexcess overland flow was generally produced from a soil layer without any macropore effect, whereas the transmission was derived mainly from the vertical unsaturated flow instead of the downslope flow in a soil layer with a large drainage capacity originated from the macropore effect. Both were possible for the quick transmission, but a discussion on the soil-layer evolution process suggested that an inhibition of the overland flow due to a large drainage capacity played a key role, because a confinement of the water flow within the soil layer might be needed for the evolution against strong erosional forces in the geographical regions. The long history of its evolution may mediate a relationship between simple stormflow responses and complex catchment properties. As a result, an insight into this evolution process and an inductive evaluation of the dependences on catchment properties by comparative hydrology are highly encouraged to predict stormflow responses by distributed runoff models.

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“…The vegetation of the study area is a planted forest, primarily consisting of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress) and Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar), which were both planted in the 1950s (Tani et al, 2012). Every catchment in this study area is covered with brown forest soil (Tani et al, 2012), which is typical of low relief mountains in Japan.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of geological structures on rainfall‐runoff responses in headwater catchments in a sedimentary rock mountain

Inaoka

Kosugi

Masaoka

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Clarifying rainfall-runoff responses in mountainous areas is essential for disaster prediction as well as water resource management. Although runoff is considered to be significantly affected by topography, some previous studies have reported that geological structures also have significant effects on rainfall-runoff characteristics. Particularly in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains, dips and strikes may significantly affect rainwater discharge. In this study, the effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff characteristics were investigated based on observed discharge hydrographs from 12 catchments, which lie radially from the summit of a sedimentary rock mountain. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Even though the topographic wetness index (TWI) distributions of the 12 catchments were similar, there were significant differences in their runoff characteristics; (2) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the strike direction (strike-oriented catchments) are characterized by large baseflows; (3) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the opposite dip direction (opposite dip-oriented catchments) are steep, and this results in quick storm runoff generation; (4) Catchments with average flow direction oriented toward the dip direction (diporiented catchments) are gentle, and this results in delayed storm runoff generation. It was presumed that in strike-oriented catchments, large quantities of groundwater flowing along the bedding planes owing to hydraulic anisotropy, exfiltrate and sustain the large amount of the observed baseflow, that is, in strike-oriented catchments, runoff is directly controlled by geological structures. Conversely, in opposite diporiented and dip-oriented catchments, runoff is indirectly controlled by geological structures, that is, geological structures affect slope gradients, which result in differences in storm runoff generation. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that geological structures significantly affect rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains.

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Predicting the dependencies of rainfall‐runoff responses on human forest disturbances with soil loss based on the runoff mechanisms in granite and sedimentary rock mountains

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

The Evaluation of Forest Functions of Flood Control and Water Resources Conservation

The Evaluation of Forest Functions of Flood Control and Water Resources Conservation

A paradigm shift in stormflow predictions for active tectonic regions with large-magnitude storms: generalisation of catchment observations by hydraulic sensitivity analysis and insight into soil-layer evolution

Effects of geological structures on rainfall‐runoff responses in headwater catchments in a sedimentary rock mountain

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