Predicting empty body weight in growing goats: A meta-analytic approach

Campos, L.M.; Almeida, A. K.; Biagioli, Bruno; Resende, Kléber Tomás de; Teixeira, Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.09.002

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…(2014), who reported puberty of female Saanen goats at 4.4 months. Considering the EBW, which is narrowly related to BW (Campos et al ., 2017), it was observed in the current study that the inflection point of intact and castrated males occurred at 4.1 months, whereas that of females occurred at 5.8 months. The inflection point represents the age in which the EBW growth rate is maximal, indicating changes in body fattening.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

et al. 2019

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Visceral organs play an important role in animals' energy requirements, so their growth must be well understood. The objective of the current study was to fit and compare growth curves that best describe body and visceral organ growth over time in Saanen goats of different sexes. Data were synthesized from seven studies in which curves were fitted to visceral organ growth over time for female, intact male and castrated male Saanen goats from 5 to 45 kg body weight. The liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen–reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) data were fitted to eight models: simple linear regression, quadratic, monomolecular, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz and Richards. The best-fit model was chosen based on the corrected Akaike information criterion and the concordance correlation coefficient. Model parameters for each sex were compared. Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic model. Sex did not influence the parameters that predicted organ growth (g), except for MAT, where females presented a lower tissue deposition rate and greater inflection point than males. Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of the growth curve, the liver accounted for 28 ± 1.1 g/kg of empty body weight, and the inflection point occurred at 1.7 months. The rumen–reticulum and large intestine presented higher growth rates in the first 2 months of life. Knowledge of the visceral organ growth curve is useful in improving the understanding of the effect of nutritional requirements for goats and must be used to optimize the nutritional plans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

et al. 2019

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“…The empty body weight (EBW) was calculated as the difference between body weight at slaughter and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder. Considering that a robust estimative of EBW is critical in the comparative slaughter studies with goats, Campos et al (2017) gathered individual records of 311 growing goats to develop empirical models to predict EBW from BW. They found that there is no need to use different models for goats of different sex; however, different models are required to predict EBW from BW for suckling and post-weaning Saanen goats.…”

Section: General Methodological Aspects When Applying Cnes To Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that there is no need to use different models for goats of different sex; however, different models are required to predict EBW from BW for suckling and post-weaning Saanen goats. In general, suckling goats show a decreasing relationship between EBW and BW, oppositely it remained relatively constant in post-weaning goats ( Campos et al, 2017 ). Moreover, goats of different genotypes have different gastrointestinal relative capacity, which implied in the need of using different empirical model according to the goat genotype ( Campos et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: General Methodological Aspects When Applying Cnes To Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the California net energy system to growing goats1

Teixeira

Almeida

Fernandes

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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Abstract The aim of this review is to describe the main findings of studies carried out during the last decades applying the California net energy system (CNES) in goats. This review also highlights the strengths and pitfalls while using CNES in studies with goats, as well as provides future perspectives on energy requirements of goats. The nonlinear relationship between heat production and metabolizable energy intake was used to estimate net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm). Our studies showed that NEm of intact and castrated male Saanen goats were approximately 15% greater than female Saanen goats. Similarly, NEm of meat goats (i.e., >50% Boer) was 8.5% greater than NEm of dairy and indigenous goats. The first partial derivative of allometric equations using empty body weight (EBW) as independent variable and body energy as dependent variable was used to estimate net energy requirements for gain (NEg). In this matter, female Saanen goats had greater NEg than males; also, castrated males had greater NEg than intact males. This means that females have more body fat than males when evaluated at a given EBW or that degree of maturity affects NEg. Our preliminary results showed that indigenous goats had NEg 14% and 27.5% greater than meat and dairy goats, respectively. Sex and genotype also affect the efficiency of energy use for growth. The present study suggests that losses in urine and methane in goats are lower than previously reported for bovine and sheep, resulting in greater metabolizable energy:digestible energy ratio (i.e., 0.87 to 0.90). It was demonstrated that the CNES successfully works for goats and that the use of comparative slaughter technique enhances the understanding of energy partition in this species, allowing the development of models applied specifically to goat. However, these models require their evaluation in real-world conditions, permitting continuous adjustments.

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“…Several studies used many mathematical functions to represent growth performance over time in goats [6,[24][25][26][27]. For example, Campos et al [6] studied the prediction of empty body weight (the weight of goats minus the digestive tract contents). In avian, the mathematical models were used to predict the growth rate and size of the alimentary tract [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing body weight and feed efficiency are of importance for profitable goat farming [ 4 ]. The growth of body weight and body weight measurements depends on the digestive tract’s development [ 5 , 6 ]. In goats, the gastrointestinal tract as a percentage of the empty body weight increased from 13 up to 27% as they grew, in which the rumen contributed most to the growth [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Digestive Tract Development and Growth Performance of Goat Kids Using Sigmoidal Models

Abdelsattar

Zhuang

Cui

et al. 2021

Animals

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The transition from monogastric to rumination stage is crucial in ruminants’ growth to avoid stressors—weaning and neonatal mortalities. Poor growth of the digestive tract could adversely affect the performance of the animal. Modeling informative growth curves is of great importance for a better understanding of the effective development pattern, in order to optimize feeding management system, and to achieve more production efficiency. However, little is known about the digestive tract growth curves. For this reason, one big goat farm of Laiwu black breed was chosen as a basis of this study. Forty-eight kids belonging to eight-time points (1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d; 6 kids for each) were selected and slaughtered. The body weight, body size indices, rumen pH, and stomach parts were determined and fitted to the polynomial and sigmoidal models. In terms of goodness of fit criteria, the Gompertz model was the best model for body weight, body oblique length, tube, and rumen weight. Moreover, the Logistic model was the best model for carcass weight, body height, and chest circumference. In addition, the Quadratic model showed the best fit for dressing percentage, omasum weight, abomasum weight, and rumen volume. Moreover, the cubic model best fitted the ruminal pH and reticulum percentage. The Weibull model was the best model for the reticulum weight and omasum percentage, while the MMF model was the best model describing the growth of chest depth, rumen percentage, and abomasum percentage. The model parameters, R squared, inflection points, area under curve varied among the different dependent variables. The Pearson correlation showed that the digestive tract development was more correlated with age than body weight, but the other variables were more correlated with body weight than age. The study demonstrated the use of empirical sigmoidal and polynomial models to predict growth rates of the digestive tract at relevant age efficiently.

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Predicting empty body weight in growing goats: A meta-analytic approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

Applying the California net energy system to growing goats1

Predicting the Digestive Tract Development and Growth Performance of Goat Kids Using Sigmoidal Models

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