Predator-induced life history shifts in<i>Daphnia</i>: a synthesis of studies using meta-analysis

Riessen, Howard P.

doi:10.1139/f99-155

Cited by 153 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…(ii) Life history and general morphology As predicted by theory and seen in many systems, genotypes from both populations increased both age and size at maturity following exposure to Chaoborus kairomones (figure 2) [28]. Analysing both size and age, the effect of cue concentration on the probability of maturation depended on population (size model: t treatmentÂpond ¼ 14.9; age model: t treatmentÂpond ¼ 5.1; table 1 and figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In addition, genotypes made other phenotypic adjustments in response to predator cue, and trait expression varied between populations. This approach tells us that genotypes of D. pulex, across populations, respond similarly to predation pressure in some core traits-something we also know from metaanalyses [28]. However, it does not quantify or synthesize the multivariate change in phenotype or the magnitude of convergence (divergence).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic convergence along a gradient of predation risk

et al. 2010

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A long-standing question in ecology is whether phenotypic plasticity, rather than selection per se, is responsible for phenotypic variation among populations. Plasticity can increase or decrease variation, but most previous studies have been limited to single populations, single traits and a small number of environments assessed using univariate reaction norms. Here, examining two genetically distinct populations of Daphnia pulex with different predation histories, we quantified predator-induced plasticity among 11 traits along a fine-scale gradient of predation risk by a predator (Chaoborus) common to both populations. We test the hypothesis that plasticity can be responsible for convergence in phenotypes among different populations by experimentally characterizing multivariate reaction norms with phenotypic trajectory analysis (PTA). Univariate analyses showed that all genotypes increased age and size at maturity, and invested in defensive spikes (neckteeth), but failed to quantitatively describe whole-organism response. In contrast, PTA quantified and qualified the phenotypic strategy the organism mobilized against the selection pressure. We demonstrate, at the whole-organism level, that the two populations occupy different areas of phenotypic space in the absence of predation but converge in phenotypic space as predation threat increases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic convergence along a gradient of predation risk

et al. 2010

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“…Carter et al (2008) observed a smaller body size of D. ambigua exposed to kairomones from a mite species, indicating that the response to predators can vary according to their type and selectivity. Life-table parameters of various Daphnia species changed when the cladocerans were exposed to kairomones of different predators, such as Chaoborus, Notonecta and fish (review by Riessen, 1999); the size at first reproduction was slightly larger under the influence of Chaoborus kairomones, whereas it decreased when in contact with kairomones of the other two predators. Daphnia pulex can reach a larger size when exposed to kairomones of Chaoborus, by controlling the growth rate (Beckerman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long-term study on crustacean plankton of a shallow tropical lake: the role of invertebrate predation

et al. 2015

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INTRODUCTIONLong-term studies are essential for understanding ecological processes such as the influence of stressors and are basic for modeling, but are few in number because of their inherent difficulties, including costs (Jackson and Füreder, 2006;Maberly and Elliott, 2012). In particular, long-term studies of zooplankton can reveal the influence of past factors, including management decisions (Hambright, 2008). Some causes of changes in the zooplankton that are perceptible over a longer period include alterations of abiotic factors or predator invasion (Yan et al., 2008).The factors that affect the diversity and size of zooplankton species are intriguing issues, but still subject to controversy. From the classic paper by Brooks and Dodson (1965) to recent studies, several factors have been contemplated, and temperature has emerged as the preponderant factor for explaining latitudinal differences in zooplankton body size (Gillooly and Dodson, 2000). Gillooly and Dodson compared more than 1100 lakes located between 81°N and 77°S latitude, and found that the size variation of cladoceran species was related to latitude, with smaller sizes in the tropics and the Arctic and a greater difference between the tropics and the temperate zone. According to these authors, the highest mean sizes were observed between 6°C and 8°C, declining at higher or lower temperatures. Havens et al. (2015), comparing 122 lakes located from 6° to 74°N and from 19° to 21°S, showed a relationship between size (as weight) of cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods and temperature. In contrast, Iglesias et al. (2011) suggested that predation by fish is the major factor explaining the smaller size of zooplankton in warm lakes. Hart and Bychek (2011), in their extensive review of the many factors that could potentially influence zooplankton size, addressed extrinsic factors such as temperature, food and predation, amongst others, besides intrinsic ones. The authors concluded, however, that although a general pattern may occur, different results can arise from distinct ecosystems.J. Limnol., 2015; 74(3): 606-617 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2015DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol. .1132 A long-term study on crustacean plankton of a shallow tropical lake: the role of invertebrate predation

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“…Notably, many species of water fleas (Daphnia) respond to the presence of predators by producing morphological defences (head and tail spines) and altering life-history traits [25,26]. Specifically, Daphnia sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, Daphnia sp. respond within a generation to fish chemical cues (kairomones) by developing at a faster rate and investing more heavily into reproduction [25,26]. There is also evidence that parental exposure to predator cues significantly modifies the phenotypes of offspring [27 -29], though the duration of such effects is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity within- and across-generations: a challenge for theory?

et al. 2015

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Much work has shown that the environment can induce non-genetic changes in phenotype that span multiple generations. Theory predicts that predictable environmental variation selects for both increased within-and acrossgeneration responses. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, there are no empirical tests of this prediction. We explored the relationship between within-versus across-generation plasticity by evaluating the influence of predator cues on the life-history traits of Daphnia ambigua. We measured the duration of predator-induced transgenerational effects, determined when transgenerational responses are induced, and quantified the cues that activate transgenerational plasticity. We show that predator exposure during embryonic development causes earlier maturation and increased reproductive output. Such effects are detectable two generations removed from predator exposure and are similar in magnitude in response to exposure to cues emitted by injured conspecifics. Moreover, all experimental contexts and traits yielded a negative correlation between within-versus across-generation responses. That is, responses to predator cues within-and across-generations were opposite in sign and magnitude. Although many models address transgenerational plasticity, none of them explain this apparent negative relationship between within-and across-generation plasticities. Our results highlight the need to refine the theory of transgenerational plasticity.

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Predator-induced life history shifts inDaphnia: a synthesis of studies using meta-analysis

Cited by 153 publications

References 61 publications

Phenotypic convergence along a gradient of predation risk

Phenotypic convergence along a gradient of predation risk

A long-term study on crustacean plankton of a shallow tropical lake: the role of invertebrate predation

Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity within- and across-generations: a challenge for theory?

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