Predator Detection

Fischer, Stefan; Frommen, Joachim G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_714-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This study also indicated that adult B. dorsalis can detect the footprints left by S. invicta and respond with avoiding behavior. This ability of B. dorsalis to detect and respond to risk is crucial for their survival and for protecting their offspring from predators (Fischer and Frommen 2019), but may incur developmental and oviposition costs (Magnhagen 1991;Culshaw-Maurer et al 2020), as demonstrated above.…”

Section: S Invicta Footprints Repel the Visiting And Egg Laying Behav...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-consumptive effects of ant mitigate fruit damage

Fengqin

2023

Preprint

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Section: S Invicta Footprints Repel the Visiting And Egg Laying Behav...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-consumptive effects of ant mitigate fruit damage

Fengqin

2023

Preprint

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“…Antipredatory responses or adaptations can be induced and/or altered by multiple aspects of a prey's environment. Most obviously, changes can occur in response to a predator's presence via visual, acoustic, physical, or chemical cues (Fischer & Frommen, 2019 ). Upon detection, these cues drive immediate (e.g., behavioral) responses in the prey or the expression of genes regulating morphological defensive features (i.e., induced responses; Tollrian & Harvell, 1999 ; Weiss, 2019 ) to decrease predation risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature

Cerini,

O'Brien,

Wolfe

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Temperature change affects biological systems in multifaceted ways, including the alteration of species interaction strengths, with implications for the stability of populations and communities. Temperature‐dependent changes to antipredatory responses are an emerging mechanism of destabilization and thus there is a need to understand how prey species respond to predation pressures in the face of changing temperatures. Here, using ciliate protozoans, we assess whether temperature can alter the strength of phenotypic antipredator responses in a prey species and whether this relationship depends on the predator's hunting behavior. We exposed populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to either (i) a sit‐and‐wait generalist predator (Homalozoon vermiculare) or (ii) a specialized active swimmer predator (Didinium nasutum) across two different temperature regimes (15 and 25°C) to quantify the temperature dependence of antipredator responses over a 24‐h period. We utilized a novel high‐throughput automated robotic monitoring system to track changes in the behavior (swimming speed) and morphology (cell size) of P. caudatum at frequencies and resolutions previously unachievable by manual sampling. The change in swimming speed through the 24 h differed between the two temperatures but was not altered by the presence of the predators. In contrast, P. caudatum showed a substantial temperature‐dependent morphological response to the presence of D. nasutum (but not H. vermiculare), changing cell shape toward a more elongated morph at 15°C (but not at 25°C). Our findings suggest that temperature can have strong effects on prey morphological responses to predator presence, but that this response is potentially dependent on the predator's feeding strategy. This suggests that greater consideration of synergistic antipredator behavioral and physiological responses is required in species and communities subject to environmental changes.

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“…Thus, the ability to appropriately modify behaviour in response to predators provides a major selective advantage across a wide range of organisms (Eilam, 2005). For example, potential prey often avoid chemical cues associated with a predator (Caldwell & Lamp, 1981; Ferrari et al., 2008; Persons et al., 2001), or reduce activity in the presence of such cues thereby lowering the chances of detection and/or capture (Cooper & Blumstein, 2015; Coss, 2010; Fischer & Frommen, 2019; Lima & Dill, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static visual predator recognition in jumping spiders

et al. 2021

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Visually detecting, recognizing and responding appropriately to predators increases survival. Failure to detect a predator or long decision time carries high and potentially fatal costs. Consequently, many animals show general anti‐predatory responses towards threatening stimuli, for example, looming objects. However, in the context of lurking or stalking predators, visual recognition is based on static visual cues, making this task computationally demanding. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) have superb vision and are excellent predators but they can equally fall prey to other jumping spiders. In a hierarchical decision‐making setup, we tested whether the common zebra jumping spider Salticus scenicus can visually recognize stationary predators. We measured the spiders’ behavioural responses towards predator (naturally co‐occurring, non‐co‐occurring and artificial) and non‐predator objects as well as towards objects with modified features. Our experiments show that salticids demonstrate a robust, fast and repeatable ‘freeze and retreat’ behaviour when presented with stationary predators, but not similarly sized non‐predator objects. Anti‐predator responses were triggered by co‐occurring and non‐co‐occurring salticid predators, as well as by 3D‐printed salticid models (based on micro‐CT scans), suggesting a generalized predator detection/classification. Using modified 3D‐printed models, we found evidence that eyes act as an important cue. However, eyes alone did not explain the responses, suggesting that underlying processes rely on multiple rather than single features. To address the role of learning and memory, we tested newly emerged spiderlings and found the same behavioural responses towards predator objects suggesting an innate response. The ability of jumping spiders to innately recognize a non‐moving threat is surprising in terms of underlying cognitive processes and the evolution thereof. Escaping from a predator before an attack has been launched likely carries sufficient selective benefits. From a cognitive perspective, the overlap of static visual characteristics between salticid predators, prey and conspecifics invites further questions considering the mechanisms of such nuanced visual discrimination and categorization in animals with complex vision but relatively small nervous systems. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Predator Detection

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Non-consumptive effects of ant mitigate fruit damage

Non-consumptive effects of ant mitigate fruit damage

Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature

Static visual predator recognition in jumping spiders

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