Preclinical Studies of Saponins for Tumor Therapy

Bachran, Christopher; Bachran, Silke; Sutherland, Mark; Bachran, Diana; Fuchs, Hendrik

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803961-8.50009-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Interactions between saponin and membrane-bound cholesterol lead pore formation and increasing of membrane permeabilizing properties. This specific effect of saponins depends on the combination of various factors: the membrane composition, the type of saponin, andespecially-the nature of aglycone [52].…”

Section: Natural Surfactants and Emulsifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants

Kręgiel¹,

Berłowska²,

Witońska³

et al. 2017

Application and Characterization of Surfactants

120

106

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Plants have the ability to synthesize almost unlimited number of substances. In many cases, these chemicals serve in plant defense mechanisms against microorganisms, insects, and herbivores. Generally, any part of the plant may contain the various active ingredients. Among the plant, active compounds are saponins, which are traditionally used as natural detergents. The name 'saponin' comes from the Latin word 'sapo,' which means 'soap' as saponins show the unique properties of foaming and emulsifying agents. Steroidal and triterpenoid saponins can be used in many industrial applications, from the preparation of steroid hormones in the pharmaceutical industry to utilization as food additives that exploit their non-ionic surfactant properties. Saponins also exhibit different biological activities. This chapter has been prepared by participants of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action-Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) in the framework of the proposal 'ECOSAPONIN.' Interactions between the participants, including chemists, physicists, technologists, microbiologists and botanists from four countries, will contribute to the development of collaborative ties and further promote research and development in the area of saponins in Europe and China. Although this chapter cannot provide a comprehensive account of the state of knowledge regarding plant saponins, we hope that it will help make saponins the focus of ongoing international cooperation.

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Section: Natural Surfactants and Emulsifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants

Kręgiel¹,

Berłowska²,

Witońska³

et al. 2017

Application and Characterization of Surfactants

120

106

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“…Summing up all the mentioned studies, complete regression of the tumor was observed in 25 out of 32 mice treated with a saponin in combination with a targeted toxin. There are a number of other publications where saponins were used as enhancers in combination with other drugs in cancer therapy [ 18 ], however, in all these cases small molecule drugs were used, e.g., cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or paclitaxel, and the enhancer effect is based on other mechanisms, e.g., via cell cycle arrest, signaling pathways, and apoptosis [ 143 , 144 ].…”

Section: Endosomal Escape In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particular glycosylated triterpenes were found to act as tremendous endosomal escape enhancers for targeted toxins in tumor therapy [17,18,19]. These toxins essentially comprise ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), a class of toxic plant enzymes that release a specific adenine residue from ribosomal RNA finally resulting in the arrest of protein synthesis and apoptosis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To cope with the drawback of insufficient cytosolic entry, many strategies were described including redirection of toxins to endogenous cellular membrane transport complexes of the biosynthetic pathway, disruption of endosomes, attenuation of the membrane integrity of endosomal membranes, or use of cell penetrating peptides [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Particular glycosylated triterpenes were found to act as tremendous endosomal escape enhancers for targeted toxins in tumor therapy [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. These toxins essentially comprise ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), a class of toxic plant enzymes that release a specific adenine residue from ribosomal RNA finally resulting in the arrest of protein synthesis and apoptosis [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies

et al. 2017

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Protein-based targeted toxins play an increasingly important role in targeted tumor therapies. In spite of their high intrinsic toxicity, their efficacy in animal models is low. A major reason for this is the limited entry of the toxin into the cytosol of the target cell, which is required to mediate the fatal effect. Target receptor bound and internalized toxins are mostly either recycled back to the cell surface or lysosomally degraded. This might explain why no antibody-targeted protein toxin has been approved for tumor therapeutic applications by the authorities to date although more than 500 targeted toxins have been developed within the last decades. To overcome the problem of insufficient endosomal escape, a number of strategies that make use of diverse chemicals, cell-penetrating or fusogenic peptides, and light-induced techniques were designed to weaken the membrane integrity of endosomes. This review focuses on glycosylated triterpenoids as endosomal escape enhancers and throws light on their structure, the mechanism of action, and on their efficacy in cell culture and animal models. Obstacles, challenges, opportunities, and future prospects are discussed.

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“…It has been proven that this compilation effectively inhibited the proliferation of ovarian tumor cells, whereas saponin or chemotherapeutics alone had no significant effect (Okita, Li, Murakamio, & Takahashi, 1993). Since then, the number of publications describing the combined effect of saponins with chemotherapeutics has increased significantly (Bachran, Bachran, Sutherland, Bachran, & Fuchs, 2014;Fuchs et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponins as chemosensitizing substances that improve effectiveness and selectivity of anticancer drug—Minireview of in vitro studies

Koczurkiewicz

Klaś

Grabowska

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Triterpene saponins (saponosides) are found in higher plants and display a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. The antitumor effects of saponins have been proved by their cytotoxic, cytostatic, proapoptotic, and anti‐invasive effects in many cellular models. Saponins hold great potential for being developed into chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drugs. A promising way of reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy without attenuating its efficiency is provided by the combined application of chemotherapeutic agents and saponosides in subtoxic concentrations. Until recently, saponosides were primarily used as adjuvants that enhance the effect of vaccines. In cancer therapy, saponins are applied in combination with immunotoxins because they increase the selectivity of given immunotoxins against cancer cells and therefore inure normal cells to the cytotoxic effects of immunotoxins. Significantly, certain saponins have been identified that drastically enhance the efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, docetaxel, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide. Moreover, saponins used in combination therapy enhance the sensitivity of chemoresistant tumor cells to clinically used chemotherapeutic agents. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer co–treatment with saponins and chemotherapy, with a particular focus on modulation of the cell signaling pathways associated with the promotion and progression of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis.

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Preclinical Studies of Saponins for Tumor Therapy

Cited by 10 publications

References 132 publications

Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants

Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants

Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies

Saponins as chemosensitizing substances that improve effectiveness and selectivity of anticancer drug—Minireview of in vitro studies

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