Precise recording of human eye movements

Collewijn, H.; Mark, F. Van Der; Jansen, T. C.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90098-x

Cited by 662 publications

(213 citation statements)

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“…Rotations of both the right eye and the head (relative to space) were measured by means of the search-coil technique (Collewijn et al 1975). The head coil was mounted on top of a light-weight helmet (150 g) worn by the subject.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human eye-head coordination in two dimensions under different sensorimotor conditions

1997

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The coordination between eye and head movements during a rapid orienting gaze shift has been investigated mainly when subjects made horizontal movements towards visual targets with the eyes starting at the centre of the orbit. Under these conditions, it is difficult to identify the signals driving the two motor sys tems, because their initial motor errors are identical and equal to the coordinates o f the sensory stimulus (i.e. reti nal error). In this paper, we investigate head-free gaze saccades of human subjects towards visual as w ell as au ditory stimuli presented in the two-dimensional frontal plane, under both aligned and unaligned initial fixation conditions. Although the basic patterns for eye and head movements were qualitatively comparable for both stim ulus modalities, systematic differences were also ob tained under aligned conditions, suggesting a task-de pendent movement strategy. Auditory-evoked gaze shifts were endowed with smaller eye-head latency differences, consistently larger head movements and smaller concom itant ocular saccades than visually triggered movements. By testing gaze control for eccentric initial eye positions, we found that the head displacement vector was best re lated to the initial head motor-error (target-re-head), rather than to the initial gaze error (target-re-eye), re gardless of target modality. These findings suggest an in dependent control of the eye and head motor systems by commands in different frames of reference. However, we also observed a systematic influence o f the oculomotor response on the properties of the evoked head move ments, indicating a subtle coupling between the two sys tems. The results are discussed in view of current eyehead coordination models.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human eye-head coordination in two dimensions under different sensorimotor conditions

1997

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“…A scleral search coil embedded in a silastin ring (Skalar; Collewijn et al, 1975) was placed in one of the subject's eyes, or both for the dichoptic experiments, after application of topical anesthetic (proparacaine HCl). The horizontal and vertical orientations of the eyes were recorded using an electromagnetic induction technique (Robinson, 1963).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Motion-from-Form Mechanism Contributes to Extracting Pattern Motion from Plaids

2016

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Since the discovery of neurons selective for pattern motion direction in primate middle temporal area MT (Albright, 1984;Movshon et al., 1985), the neural computation of this signal has been the subject of intense study. The bulk of this work has explored responses to plaids obtained by summing two drifting sinusoidal gratings. Unfortunately, with these stimuli, many different mechanisms are similarly effective at extracting pattern motion. We devised a new set of stimuli, obtained by summing two random line stimuli with different orientations. This allowed several novel manipulations, including generating plaids that do not contain rigid 2D motion. Importantly, these stimuli do not engage most of the previously proposed mechanisms. We then recorded the ocular following responses that such stimuli induce in human subjects. We found that pattern motion is computed even with stimuli that do not cohere perceptually, including those without rigid motion, and even when the two gratings are presented separately to the two eyes. Moderate temporal and/or spatial separation of the gratings impairs the computation. We show that, of the models proposed so far, only those based on the intersectionof-constraints rule, embedding a motion-from-form mechanism (in which orientation signals are used in the computation of motion direction signals), can account for our results. At least for the eye movements reported here, a motion-from-form mechanism is thus involved in one of the most basic functions of the visual motion system: extracting motion direction from complex scenes.

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“…16 We validated our methodology first by showing that patients with documented otolith diseases exhibited reduction in their LVOR responses. 17 We then applied the head-heave test to six patients with skew deviation and 10 normal subjects.…”

Section: Skew Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New understanding on the contribution of the central otolithic system to eye movement and skew deviation

Wong

2014

Eye

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The otolith organs consist of the utricle and saccule. The utricle mediates the utriculoocular reflex by detecting horizontal head translation and static head tilt. Skew deviation is a vertical strabismus caused by imbalance of the utriculo-ocular reflex pathway and is commonly caused by lesions in the brainstem or cerebellum. It is associated with abnormal utriculo-ocular reflexes including asymmetric reduction of the translational vestibulo-ocular and ocular counterroll responses. Skew deviation is also associated with head position-dependent changes in ocular torsion and vertical strabismus. The reduction in ocular torsion and vertical strabismus when changing from an upright to supine position in skew deviation allows us to devise a new bedside 'upright-supine test' to differentiate skew deviation from fourth nerve palsy and other causes of vertical strabismus.

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Precise recording of human eye movements

Cited by 662 publications

References 1 publication

Human eye-head coordination in two dimensions under different sensorimotor conditions

Human eye-head coordination in two dimensions under different sensorimotor conditions

A Motion-from-Form Mechanism Contributes to Extracting Pattern Motion from Plaids

New understanding on the contribution of the central otolithic system to eye movement and skew deviation

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