Precipitation polymerization for fabrication of complex core–shell hybrid particles and hollow structures

Abstract

Functional polymer micro- and nanoparticles with novel morphology are of great importance because of their wide range of applications in complex biological systems and nanotechnology. Due to the outstanding advantage of the absence of any surfactant, precipitation polymerization as a heterogeneous polymerization technique has been developed to prepare various uniform and clean polymer particles, such as microspheres, nanoparticles, core-shell particles, core-double shell particles, single-shell hollow particles, double-shell hollow particles, and rattle-type hollow nanostructures. In this review, a general introduction into the categories of precipitation polymerization and their mechanisms is presented. The precise control of particle size, size distribution, pore size, morphology and surface chemistry of micro- and nanoparticles, core-shell hybrids and polymer hollow structures is discussed. The development of complex nanostructures and their applications in separation, drug delivery and nano-reactor systems are highlighted as well.

Synthesis and characterization of new functionalized polymer-Fe3O4 nanocomposite particles

“…The STEM images of the Fe 3 O 4 @MPS@GMA-S-DVB nanocomposites clearly show that the functionalization by the seed emulsion polymerization method prevented the 100 nm nanocomposite particles from agglomeration. [53,[55][56][57]. The size of iron oxide cores is an important parameter that affects the magnetic properties of NPs [49,58].…”

“…These devices provide the capacity to target cells, promote unidirectional controlled release, and enhance permeation across the intestinal epithelial barrier [50][51][52]. Another application of microparticles are biosensors and for size exclusion chromatography [52,53]. Much attention has been devoted to optimize surface coating of magnetic NPs formulations for their use as DDS [54].…”

Micellar polymerization of alkylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonates in the solvents of different polarities and properties of resulting polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes

“…Precipitation polymerization attracts attention in the past decades due to its ability to produce particles of different sizes, shapes, and morphologies [34,35]. Precipitation of a polymer on reaching of certain polymerization degree (critical oligomer degree of polymerization for precipitation, j crit ) [36] can be caused by different reasons: thermodynamic incompatibility, cross-linking, coil-to-glob transition, etc.…”

Target Synthesis of Functional Biocompatible Nanocomposites with “Core-Shell” Structure

“…Different routes of polymer particles formation with complex morphology (including particles with hollow structure) are described [26] using "living" radical precipitation polymerization. The advantage of this method of polymer particles formation consists in localization of active sites (that can be used for further modification) on the surface of particles when, for example, halogen contained monomers are used.…”