Pre-slaughter factors associated with severe bruising in different primary commercial cuts of bovine carcasses

Bethancourt-Garcia, Javier Alexander; Vaz, Ricardo Zambarda; Vaz, Fabiano Nunes; Restle, João; Mendonça, Fábio Souza

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20190080

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As examples, Garcia et al. (2019) and Mendonça et al. (2019) reported that bruising scores increased with lower space allowance (stocking densities above 401 kg/m 2 , equivalent to k‐value of 0.019, in both studies).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Typically, these studies involved not only much less controlled conditions than intervention studies, but also much larger data sets. As examples, Garcia et al (2019) 2012b) reported an increased risk of mortality in fat and cull cattle in some locations on the trailer when k-values were lower than 0.015 and higher than 0.035, and an increased risk of becoming non-ambulatory when kvalue was less than 0.015. However, the authors explained that within these extreme categories the conclusions were based on very limited data.…”

Section: B) Horizontal Space I) Space To Accommodate Physical Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpretation: The frequency of bruising can increase due to the loss of balance and falls of the animals due to driving events (Garcia et al., 2019).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of cattle during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, rollon-roll-off ferries and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: B) Horizontal Space I) Space To Accommodate Physical Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of cattle during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…However, based on the available studies, cattle seem to be at greater risk of stress and injuries at low space allowances than with high [57,107]. Garcia et al and Mendonça et al reported that bruising scores increased with lower space allowance (stocking densities above 401 kg/m 2 ) [108,109]. Previously, Tarrant et al found that 600 kg cattle began to lie down after 16 h of transport, but at the highest stocking density of 600 kg/m 2 , the animals could not rest because of the lack of space [57].…”

Section: Injuries and Transport Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on the Transportation by Road of Cattle, including Unweaned Calves

Buckham-Sporer,

Earley,

Marti

2023

Animals

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Transport conditions have the potential to alter the physiological responses of animals to the psychological or physical stress of transport. Transportation may introduce multiple physical and psychological stressors to unweaned calves and adult cattle, including noise, overcrowding, food and water deprivation, extreme temperatures, commingling with unfamiliar animals, handling by unfamiliar humans, and being placed in a novel environment upon arrival. Apart from these factors, the type of road and even driving skill may affect the welfare of animals. One of the concerns regarding cattle transport is that the handling and marketing of animals prior to a journey may lengthen the period of feed withdrawal. Furthermore, feed withdrawal can impact animal welfare through hunger and metabolic stress. Transportation is also associated with a decrease in animal performance as well as an increase in the incidence of bovine respiratory disease. It is well established that the transportation of cattle is a stressor that causes a quantifiable response; however, excessive stress during transport resulting in physiological or pathological changes can be reduced with best management practices. The objective of this review was to analyse the available scientific literature pertaining to the transport by road of cattle, including unweaned calves.

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