“…TIMP-1 was barely detectable; TIMP-2 and TIMP-4 protein were detectable in all specimens but did not change with Strength. Other groups have also confirmed the increase in markers of collagen remodeling and apoptosis (Malak & Bell et al, 1994;El-Khwad et al, 2005Meinert et al, 2007, Reti et al, 2007Han et al, 2008;Lappas et al, 2008Lappas et al, , 2009Lappas et al, , 2010aLappas et al, , 2010b. Using FM from patients with AROM (artificial rupture of membranes) and SROM (spontaneous rupture of membranes), we have further demonstrated that the para-cervical weak zone persists with the same biochemical signature as that identified in pre-labor cesarean section membranes.…”