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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, load analysis uses various approximations one of which being the critical limits of biomaterials. This type of load analysis shows that the local stresses for cartilage, tendon and bone from normal daily activities, such as walking, are in the order of 10 -20 % of the critical limit ( Nigg 1985 ), and that impact force levels that could cause foot bone fractures are in the order of 2500 -3000 N ( Hardin et al, 2004 ). Body weight and duration of ambulation are suggested risk factors for a foot bone injury to progress to Charcot deformity ( Boddenberg 2004 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, load analysis uses various approximations one of which being the critical limits of biomaterials. This type of load analysis shows that the local stresses for cartilage, tendon and bone from normal daily activities, such as walking, are in the order of 10 -20 % of the critical limit ( Nigg 1985 ), and that impact force levels that could cause foot bone fractures are in the order of 2500 -3000 N ( Hardin et al, 2004 ). Body weight and duration of ambulation are suggested risk factors for a foot bone injury to progress to Charcot deformity ( Boddenberg 2004 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The musculoskeletal model was two dimensional and based on an early model of running 18 that was subsequently modified for applications in skiing, 19 vehicle accidents, 20 and walking. 21,22 The model has seven body segments, six joints (hip, knee and ankle in each limb), nine kinematic degrees of freedom, and 16 muscles ( Figure 1).…”
Section: Musculoskeletal Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A driver's foot suffers various loads and behaviors depending on where it is located on the brake pedal (center or edge) [21]. Additionally, the change of muscle force affects the injuries of the ankle joint and Achilles tendon, and the muscle activation level can exacerbate axial loading injuries [14,15]. However, it is still unclear what posture the lower extremity is in when an on-coming collision occurs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Muscle activation of the lower extremity varies at different braking stages, so the driver's braking posture and possible crash injuries are influenced by the braking reaction time in a collision. Most studies concerning crash injuries have found that the lower extremity is on the brake pedal in vehicle collisions [14,15]. In this research, the drivers' braking reaction times were investigated and muscle activation moments in braking motions at different values of speed and distance parameters were carefully measured.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%