“Pre-cebo”

Kim, Sharon E.; Kubomoto, Scott; Chua, Kathleen Shari; Amichai, Meridythe M.; Pimentel, Mark

doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e31825828a7

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In classical drug RCT, unblinding will have imminent consequences for efficacy. Deliberate unblinding of RTC is usually only carried out when severe safety concerns arise but may also occur incidentally when patients and/or doctors notice significant differences in reporting of adverse events (64); even meta-analyses can identify such involuntary unblinding (65). Such unblinding will enhance the response to active therapy and reduce the response to control, thus enlarging the treatment–control difference (66).…”

Section: Common Control Problems In All Psychotherapy Trials and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Placebo Effects in Psychotherapy: A Framework

Enck¹,

Zipfel²

2019

Front. Psychiatry

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The issue of placebo response and the extent of its effect on psychotherapy is complex for two specific reasons: i) Current standards for drug trials, e.g., true placebo interventions, double-blinding, cannot be applied to most psychotherapy techniques, and ii) some of the “nonspecific effects” in drug therapy have very specific effects in psychotherapy, such as the frequency and intensity of patient–therapist interaction. In addition, different psychotherapy approaches share many such specific effects (the “dodo bird verdict”) and lack specificity with respect to therapy outcome. Here, we discuss the placebo effect in psychotherapy under four aspects: a) nonspecific factors shared with drug therapy (context factors); b) nonspecific factors shared among all psychotherapy traditions (common factors); c) specific placebo-controlled options with different psychotherapy modalities; and d) nonspecific control options for the specific placebo effect in psychotherapy. The resulting framework proposes that the exploration and enumeration of context factors, common factors, and specific factors contributes to the placebo effects in psychotherapy.

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Section: Common Control Problems In All Psychotherapy Trials and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Placebo Effects in Psychotherapy: A Framework

Enck¹,

Zipfel²

2019

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Previous studies have shown that such subjective assessments of IBS symptoms can be influenced by psychological factors. 38 Thus, our findings may have been similarly affected. Variation in dosage regimens between the different RCTs also represents a potential confounding factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Rifaximin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2016

Medicine

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The current treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are suboptimal. The findings of previous studies of rifaximin treatment for IBS may have differed due to variations in study design.Our study aimed to determine the therapeutic and adverse effects of rifaximin treatment for IBS based on a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid, and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs investigating the effects of rifaximin on IBS. Data from each selected RCT was evaluated individually based on an intention-to-treat analysis, and a meta-analysis was performed in which the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of clinical outcomes and adverse events were calculated using fixed-effects models.Four eligible studies were identified. Overall relief of IBS symptoms in the rifaximin groups was greater than that in the placebo groups at the ends of both the treatment and follow-up periods (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08–1.32 and OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18–1.58, respectively, P < 0.05 for both). Significant relief of abdominal distention was observed at the follow-up endpoint (OR = 1.69; 95% Cl: 1.27–2.23; P < 0.05), but not at the treatment endpoint (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.96–1.49; P > 0.05). Abdominal pain (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98–1.03; P > 0.05), nausea (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98–1.02; P > 0.05), vomiting (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.01; P > 0.05), and headache (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98–1.03; P > 0.05) did not differ significantly between the rifaximin and placebo groups.In the RCTs selected, our meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of rifaximin for the resolution of overall IBS symptoms was greater than that of the placebos, and that rifaximin was well-tolerated. The course of relief from abdominal distention in IBS patients treated with rifaximin may be delayed in some patients, compared with that of overall IBS symptom relief.

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The role of placebo in the diagnosis and treatment of functional neurologic disorders

2016

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

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“Pre-cebo”

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Placebo Effects in Psychotherapy: A Framework

Placebo Effects in Psychotherapy: A Framework

Rifaximin for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The role of placebo in the diagnosis and treatment of functional neurologic disorders

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