Practical alternatives to chronic caloric restriction for optimizing vascular function with ageing

Martens, Christopher R.; Seals, Douglas R.

doi:10.1113/jp272348

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…Putative compounds that may enhance exercise signalling in postmenopausal women must be tested for efficacy, as well as risk. (7) If aerobic exercise training is determined to be less effective for enhancing vascular function in postmenopausal women than in middle-aged and older men, it will be essential to establish alternative evidence-based lifestyle and pharmacological prevention and treatment strategies to optimize cardiovascular health in women, as reviewed elsewhere LaRocca et al 2017;Martens & Seals, 2016;Moreau & Ozemek, 2017;Moreau, 2018;Nowak et al 2018;Seals et al 2018). (8) Presently it is unknown if sex hormone-associated modulation of the cardiovascular benefits of aerobic exercise extend to middle-aged and older men.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Seals

Nagy

Moreau

2019

The Journal of Physiology

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136

119

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women in developed societies. Age is the greatest risk factor for CVD due largely to adverse changes to arteries that include stiffening of the large elastic arteries (aortic and carotid arteries) and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular ageing is driven by oxidative stress, which reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and stimulates changes in the extracellular matrix. In women, reductions in circulating oestrogens with menopause interact with ageing processes to induce vascular dysfunction. Regular aerobic exercise is the most evidence‐based strategy for reducing CVD risk with ageing in both men and women. Much of this cardiovascular‐protective effect of aerobic exercise is likely due to its vascular health‐enhancing influence. Large elastic artery stiffening with advancing age is attenuated in healthy adults engaged in aerobic exercise training, and aerobic exercise interventions improve arterial stiffness in previously sedentary middle‐aged and older men and postmenopausal women. Regular aerobic exercise also enhances endothelial function with ageing in men (by reducing oxidative stress and preserving NO bioavailability), but not consistently in oestrogen‐deficient postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, treatment with oestradiol appears to restore the ability of aerobic exercise to improve NO‐mediated endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress. Several research gaps exist in our understanding of potential sex differences in the vascular adaptations to regular aerobic exercise. More information is needed on the factors that are responsible for sex differences, including the role of circulating oestrogens in transducing the aerobic exercise training ‘stimulus’.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Seals

Nagy

Moreau

2019

The Journal of Physiology

Self Cite

136

119

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“…Despite numerous health benefits, adherence to chronic CR remains poor and possibly even unsafe in normal weight older adults 7 – 9 . As such, there is a critical need to establish safe, practical alternatives to regular CR for enhancing cardiovascular function and health with aging in humans 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults

et al. 2018

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a critical co-substrate for enzymes involved in the beneficial effects of regular calorie restriction on healthspan. As such, the use of NAD+ precursors to augment NAD+ bioavailability has been proposed as a strategy for improving cardiovascular and other physiological functions with aging in humans. Here we provide the evidence in a 2 × 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial that chronic supplementation with the NAD+ precursor vitamin, nicotinamide riboside (NR), is well tolerated and effectively stimulates NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Our results also provide initial insight into the effects of chronic NR supplementation on physiological function in humans, and suggest that, in particular, future clinical trials should further assess the potential benefits of NR for reducing blood pressure and arterial stiffness in this group.

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“…Additionally, regular CR is not a pragmatic approach for non-obese older adults because it induces several changes that are contraindicated during aging including weight loss, reductions in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density (leading to sarcopenia and increased risk of falls and fractures), reduced immune system function, and reductions in resting metabolic rate and daily energy intake (which increases the challenge of meeting the recommended daily nutrient requirements) (Gardner 2005;Hunt et al 2012;Normandin et al 2015;Villareal et al 2016;Ingram and de Cabo 2017). Therefore, to capitalize on the potential health benefits of CR, while lessening its negative consequences, more practical alternatives to conventional CR are needed to optimize cardiovascular health and other domains of physiological function in non-obese older adults (Martens and Seals 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term time-restricted feeding is safe and feasible in non-obese healthy midlife and older adults

et al. 2020

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Chronic calorie restriction (CR) improves cardiovascular function and several other physiological markers of healthspan. However, CR is impractical in non-obese older humans due to potential loss of lean mass and bone density, poor adherence, and risk of malnutrition. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), which limits the daily feeding period without requiring a reduction in calorie intake, may be a promising alternative healthspan-extending strategy for midlife and older adults; however, there is limited evidence for its feasibility and efficacy in humans. We conducted a randomized, controlled pilot study to assess the safety, tolerability, and overall feasibility of short-term TRF (eating <8 h day −1 for 6 weeks) without weight loss in healthy non-obese midlife and older adults, while gaining initial insight into potential efficacy for improving cardiovascular function and other indicators of healthspan. TRF was safe and well-tolerated, associated with excellent adherence and reduced hunger, and did not influence lean mass, bone density, or nutrient intake. Cardiovascular function was not enhanced by short-term TRF in this healthy cohort, but functional (endurance) capacity and glucose tolerance were modestly improved. These results provide a foundation for conducting larger clinical studies of TRF in midlife and older adults, including trials with a longer treatment duration.

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Practical alternatives to chronic caloric restriction for optimizing vascular function with ageing

Cited by 42 publications

References 127 publications

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Aerobic exercise training and vascular function with ageing in healthy men and women

Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults

Short-term time-restricted feeding is safe and feasible in non-obese healthy midlife and older adults

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