Pr3+ doped lithium tellurite glass as a temperature sensor

Physical Background for Luminescence Thermometry Sensors Based on Pr3+:LaF3 Crystalline Particles

“…In case of Pr 3+ ions, the energy gap between 3 P 0 and the next-highest state, 3 P 1 , is only a few hundred cm −1 for most host matrixes (for example, for LaF 3 [22] and CsCdBr 3 [22] it is around 500 cm −1 ), 3 P 1 becomes thermally populated following 3 P 0 excitation, and the luminescence spectrum contains both 3 P 0 and 3 P 1 emission, with intensity ratios consistent with the predicted Boltzmann distribution among these states [22]. In particular, in [19], the temperature sensing technique is based on the ratio of the fluorescence intensity for 3 P 1 → 3 H 5 and 3 P 0 → 3 H 5 transitions in temperature range 273-453 K providing sensitivity within ∼1.15%K −1 . Also, Pr…”

“…For example, the active-core/active-shell Nd 3+ /Yb 3+ -doped LaF 3 NPs demonstrate relative thermal sensitivity around 0.41 ± 0.01% ⋅ ∘ C −1 , at 10 ∘ C [9,11]. The systems based on Pr 3+ are studied in [19][20][21]. In case of Pr 3+ ions, the energy gap between 3 P 0 and the next-highest state, 3 P 1 , is only a few hundred cm −1 for most host matrixes (for example, for LaF 3 [22] and CsCdBr 3 [22] it is around 500 cm −1 ), 3 P 1 becomes thermally populated following 3 P 0 excitation, and the luminescence spectrum contains both 3 P 0 and 3 P 1 emission, with intensity ratios consistent with the predicted Boltzmann distribution among these states [22].…”

Er3+-Yb3+ codoped borosilicate glass for optical thermometry

“…The relative population of the "thermally coupled" 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 levels follows a Boltzmann-type population distribution, i.e. a quasiequilibrium exists [8,11], leading to variation in the transitions of 2 …”

“…Infrared to visible up-conversion emissions in rare-earth doped glass materials have received much attention due to their wide range of applications such as short-wavelength laser, infrared viewers and indicators, sensors, color displays, and high density optical data reading and storage [1][2][3][4]. Among the rare-earth ions, Er 3+ is the most popular as well as one of most efficient ions because it has a favorable energy level structure with 4 I 15/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition in the near-infrared spectral region which can be easily excited when a 978 nm semiconductor laser diodes (LD) is used as excitation source [3,4].…”

A portable optical fiber probe for in vivo brain temperature measurements

“…This method relies on interrogating rare-earth ions such as erbium [14], neodymium [12] or praseodymium [15] which are doped within a suitable host media. The emission spectrum from two thermally linked energy levels, appearing as two different peaks in the overall emission spectrum of the material, changes its shape as the temperature of the host medium varies [16].…”