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Abstract

We describe the anatomy and function of the gastroesophageal barrier in the piglet. Male piglets underwent dissection (N = 6) and gastroesophageal muscle layer histometry (N = 6). Sedated, nonintubated animals (N = 13) underwent four-probe perfusion esophageal manometry and the pressure profiles were related to the muscular thickness in the four quadrants. Hiatal and gastroesophageal anatomy are similar to our own. The muscle is thicker at the point where the clasp (on the right side) and sling fibers (on the left) concentrate. The pressure profiles were axially and radially asymmetric in coincidence with the thickness variations of the corresponding muscle layers. Sphincteric pressure was recorded as a plateau, whereas diaphragmatic crural pressure appeared as phasic oscillations in synchrony with respiration. The sphincter relaxed upon deglutition. In conclusion, the gastroesophageal structure and physiology are so similar in men and piglets that piglets are excellent models for research in this area.

Vagal sensory innervation of the gastric sling muscle and antral wall: implications for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease?

“…Since the rat has been used in only a limited number of surveys of the sling muscle 38,39 and most anatomical observations of the muscle have been made in other species (for example, human, pig, guinea pig, cat, dog) 3,4,5,6,7 , we re-assessed the gross morphology of the sling muscle in lesser curvature/antral whole mounts of the stomach from the rat. As illustrated in Fig.…”

“…The stomach generally, and the antrum more particularly, varies considerably in structure from species to species. Such variation occurs in the case of the sling muscle as well, with apparent differences both in the coherence or the compactness of the oblique fiber bundles that constitute the sling and in how far they reach distally 2,3,5,6 . Presumably, the morphologies and functions of sling muscle IMAs and antral web endings would be expected to vary from species to species in keeping with their gastric adaptations.…”

3D-high resolution manometry of the esophagogastric junction

“…These consideration, along with the, ex-vivo modeling of the force balance required to recreate a bend in the manometric assembly (Figure 5) all argue that this distal peak is attributable to counter-force imparted by the gastric wall at the lesser gastric curvature opposing the action of the CD. This conclusion suggest that, although the gastric sling and clasp fibers in the cardia distal to the SCJ may well be working to maintain the shape of the stomach and the angle of His (1, 3, 32, 35, 36), they do not generate a circumferential intraluminal pressure distal to the SCJ.…”

Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers

“…particularly important part of intestinal barrier is the physical barrier, a complete and tightly connected intestinal epithelium structure comprising intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and their tight connections(Vicente et al, 2001). The intestinal epithelium of poultry is a monolayer columnar epithelium, including absorptive cells, goblet cells and undifferentiated cells.…”