PowerCool: Simulation of integrated microfluidic power generation in bright silicon MPSoCs

Sridhar, Arvind; Sabry, Mohamed M.; Ruch, Patrick; Atienza, David; Michel, Bruno

doi:10.1109/iccad.2014.7001401

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One of the most promising lines is the development of energy-efficient processing architectures building blocks that would significantly enhance the energyproportionality of server processing power at the deep submicron era (i.e., beyond 28 nm technology nodes). The development of these building blocks will be achieved by using emerging technologies such as fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) [25] and gate-allaround nanowires [26], and integrated microfluidic cooling and power delivery [27]. This development would require modelling the power and thermal dissipations involved in the processing units, memory hierarchy, and the cooling and power delivery networks at the server level.…”

Section: Circuit Microarchitecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Challenges for ICT

Fagas¹,

Gallagher²,

Gammaitoni³

et al. 2017

ICT - Energy Concepts for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

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The energy consumption from the expanding use of information and communications technology (ICT) is unsustainable with present drivers, and it will impact heavily on the future climate change. However, ICT devices have the potential to contribute significantly to the reduction of CO 2 emission and enhance resource efficiency in other sectors, e.g., transportation (through intelligent transportation and advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles), heating (through smart building control), and manufacturing (through digital automation based on smart autonomous sensors). To address the energy sustainability of ICT and capture the full potential of ICT in resource efficiency, a multidisciplinary ICT-energy community needs to be brought together covering devices, microarchitectures, ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), high-performance computing (HPC), energy harvesting, energy storage, system design, embedded systems, efficient electronics, static analysis, and computation. In this chapter, we introduce challenges and opportunities in this emerging field and a common framework to strive towards energy-sustainable ICT.

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Section: Circuit Microarchitecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Challenges for ICT

Fagas¹,

Gallagher²,

Gammaitoni³

et al. 2017

ICT - Energy Concepts for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The computational complexity of the thermal and electrochemical simulations are O(n 1.7 ) [19] and O(m 1.2 ) [15], respectively, where n and m are the dimensions of the thermal and electrochemical problems. Since the number of iterations of the outer loop is very low compared to n and m, the total complexity of our iterative approach is O(n 1.7 ), since n and m are of the same order of magnitude.…”

Section: Architecture Of the New Powercool Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The height of the FCA layer was varied between 50 and 400 µm while the width of the individual microchannels was varied between 50 and 200 µm [14,15]. Channel dimensions below 50 µm result in a severe rise of hydraulic resistance, therefore limiting the flow rate below the level needed to achieve an effective cooling of the MPSoC.…”

Section: D Mpsoc Architecture and Floorplanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed FCA technology can be integrated in the geometry of 3D stacks in the same way as microfluidic cooling systems. PowerCool -a compact model to simulate the electrochemical performance of the FCA -was first advanced in our previous work [15] and validated against finegrained (and much slower) simulations performed using the commercial COMSOL Multiphysics software. Simulations using PowerCool show that although the power demand of high-performance MPSoCs is significantly higher than the attainable FCA power generation (which were of the order of ∼ 1 W/cm 2 ), it is possible to power the on-chip higherlevel caches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our initial PowerCool's electrochemical model presented in [15], a flow cell is discretized into small sections, and for each section an equivalent electrical circuit consisting of the sources and losses is constructed as shown in Fig. 6 (using the Nernst equation (3) and the ButlerVolmer equation (4).…”

Section: Introduction To Redox Flow Cells and Powercool Electrochemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PowerCool: Simulation of Cooling and Powering of 3D MPSoCs with Integrated Flow Cell Arrays

Andreev

Sridhar

Sabry

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Comput.

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Abstract-Integrated Flow-Cell Arrays (FCAs) represent a combination of integrated liquid cooling and on-chip power generation, converting chemical energy of the flowing electrolyte solutions to electrical energy. The FCA technology provides a promising way to address both heat removal and power delivery issues in 3D Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs). In this paper we motivate the benefits of FCA in 3D MPSoCs via a qualitative analysis and explore the capabilities of the proposed technology using our extended PowerCool simulator. PowerCool is a tool that performs combined compact thermal and electrochemical simulation of 3D MPSoCs with inter-tier FCA-based cooling and power generation. We validate our electrochemical model against experimental data obtained using a micro-scale FCA, and extend PowerCool with a compact thermal model (3D-ICE) and subthreshold leakage estimation. We show the sensitivity of the FCA cooling and power generation on the design-time (FCA geometry) and run-time (fluid inlet temperature, flow rate) parameters. Our results show that we can optimize the FCA to keep maximum chip temperature below 95°C for an average chip power consumption of 50 W/cm 2 while generating up to 3.6 W per cm 2 of chip area.

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Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical energy conversion is an important supplement for storage and on-demand use of renewable energy. In this regard, microfluidics offers prospects to raise the efficiency and rate of electrochemical energy conversion through enhanced mass transport, flexible cell design, and ability to eliminate the physical ion-exchange membrane, an essential yet costly element in conventional electrochemical cells. Since the 2002 invention of the microfluidic fuel cell, the research field of microfluidics for electrochemical energy conversion has expanded into a great variety of cell designs, fabrication techniques, and device functions with a wide range of utility and applications. The present review aims to comprehensively synthesize the best practices in this field over the past 20 years. The underlying fundamentals and research methods are first summarized, followed by a complete assessment of all research contributions wherein microfluidics was proactively utilized to facilitate energy conversion in conjunction with electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells, flow batteries, electrolysis cells, hybrid cells, and photoelectrochemical cells. Moreover, emerging technologies and analytical tools enabled by microfluidics are also discussed. Lastly, opportunities for future research directions and technology advances are proposed.

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PowerCool: Simulation of integrated microfluidic power generation in bright silicon MPSoCs

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Energy Challenges for ICT

Energy Challenges for ICT

PowerCool: Simulation of Cooling and Powering of 3D MPSoCs with Integrated Flow Cell Arrays

Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

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