Power struggles: Revisiting the RISC vs. CISC debate on contemporary ARM and x86 architectures

Blem, Emily; Menon, Jai; Sankaralingam, Karthikeyan

doi:10.1109/hpca.2013.6522302

Cited by 142 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such an endeavour is not trivial, since it would require the use of additional hardware for measuring these metrics. Additionally, a methodology similar to the one used in [6] would be required for isolating the processor power from the power consumed by the remaining parts of the board (e.g., memory). (a) x, y are 1 × n. LGen -Full…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic Linear Algebra Compiler for Embedded Processors

Kyrtatas

Spampinato

Püschel

2015

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2015

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In many fields, such as signal processing, control, and graphics, there is a significant demand for efficient Dense Linear Algebra (DLA) code for embedded devices. At the same time, code generators have proved to be useful for generating fast DLA code for general-purpose computers. An example is LGen, a research compiler designed after Spiral for basic linear algebra computations of fixed size. In this thesis, we extend LGen towards four processors that are widely used in the embedded ecosystem: Intel Atom, ARM Cortex-A8, ARM Cortex-A9, and ARM1176. For this purpose, we introduce into the LGen methodology a set of optimizations that take into account the specific limitations and capabilities of these processors, aiming at generating highly optimized code for them. An extensive set of experiments run on our target platforms shows that the new version of LGen produces code that performs better than well-established, commercial and non-commercial libraries (Intel MKL and Intel IPP), software generators (Eigen and ATLAS), and compilers (icc, gcc, and clang).The large number of experiments that we conducted on the four investigated processors were executed using Mediator, a web-based middleware that was developed as part of this thesis. Mediator offers a RESTful interface that makes possible the simultaneous execution of experiments on multiple SSH-accessible devices by multiple users. More specifically, it guarantees mutual exclusion of the experiments running on a specific core, while at the same time applies load balancing over the cores of a device. On top of that, it also provides an easy-to-use mechanism for retrieving performance metrics on a variety of architectures with minimal user involvement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic Linear Algebra Compiler for Embedded Processors

Kyrtatas

Spampinato

Püschel

2015

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Relevance of ISA and implementation features: As suggested by [1,2], observed differences in performance and energy efficiency are primarily due to implementation characteristics of floating point subsystems, memory hierarchies, clock frequencies, and pipeline depth rather than ISA. In the case of CoMD, differences in performance appear to be substantially attributable to differences in floating point throughput.…”

Section: Figure 8 Comd Energy Delay Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigation of Mobile System Features Potentially Relevant to HPC

Pruitt

Freudenthal

2016

2016 4th International Workshop on Energy Efficient Supercomputing (E2SC)

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Energy consumption's increasing importance in scientific computing has driven an interest in developing energy efficient high performance systems. Energy constraints of mobile computing has motivated the design and evolution of low-power computing systems capable of supporting a variety of compute-intensive user interfaces and applications. Others have observed the evolution of mobile devices to also provide high performance [14]. Their work has primarily examined the performance and efficiency of compute-intensive scientific programs executed either on mobile systems or hybrids of mobile CPUs grafted into non-mobile (sometimes HPC) systems [6,12,14].This report describes an investigation of performance and energy consumption of a single scientific code on five high performance and mobile systems with the objective of identifying the performance and energy efficiency implications of a variety of architectural features. The results of this pilot study suggest that ISA is less significant than other specific aspects of system architecture in achieving high performance at high efficiency. The strategy employed in this study may be extended to other scientific applications with a variety of memory access, computation, and communication properties.

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“…Jarus et al [18] compare the power and energy efficiency of Cortex-A8 systems with x86 systems. Blem et al [19] compare Pandaboard, Beagleboard and x86. Stanley-Marbell and Cabezas [20] compare Beagleboard, PowerPC and x86 low-power systems for thermal and power.…”

Section: Arm Hpc Performance Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Raspberry Pi Cluster Instrumented for Fine-Grained Power Measurement

2016

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Abstract:Power consumption has become an increasingly important metric when building large supercomputing clusters. One way to reduce power usage in large clusters is to use low-power embedded processors rather than the more typical high-end server CPUs (central processing units). We investigate various power-related metrics for seventeen different embedded ARM development boards in order to judge the appropriateness of using them in a computing cluster. We then build a custom cluster out of Raspberry Pi boards, which is specially designed for per-node detailed power measurement. In addition to serving as an embedded cluster testbed, our cluster's power measurement, visualization and thermal features make it an excellent low-cost platform for education and experimentation.

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Power struggles: Revisiting the RISC vs. CISC debate on contemporary ARM and x86 architectures

Cited by 142 publications

References 17 publications

A Basic Linear Algebra Compiler for Embedded Processors

A Basic Linear Algebra Compiler for Embedded Processors

Preliminary Investigation of Mobile System Features Potentially Relevant to HPC

A Raspberry Pi Cluster Instrumented for Fine-Grained Power Measurement

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