Power management in PV‐battery‐hydro based standalone microgrid

Abstract

This work deals with the frequency regulation, voltage regulation, power management and load levelling of solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery-hydro based microgrid (MG). In this MG, the battery capacity is reduced as compared to a system, where the battery is directly connected to the DC bus of the voltage source converter (VSC). A bidirectional DC-DC converter connects the battery to the DC bus and it controls the charging and discharging current of the battery. It also regulates the DC bus voltage of VSC, frequency and voltage of MG. The proposed system manages the power flow of different sources like hydro and solar PV array. However, the load levelling is managed through the battery. The battery with VSC absorbs the sudden load changes, resulting in rapid regulation of DC link voltage, frequency and voltage of MG. Therefore, the system voltage and frequency regulation allows the active power balance along with the auxiliary services such as reactive power support, source current harmonics mitigation and voltage harmonics reduction at the point of common interconnection. The experimental results under various steady state and dynamic conditions, exhibit the excellent performance of the proposed system and validate the design and control of proposed MG. Nomenclature v sab , v sbc , v sca sensed line voltage at point of common interconnection (PCI) V tm *, V tm , V er reference PCI voltage amplitude, sensed PCI voltage amplitude and their error i La , i Lb , i Lc load currents of phase 'a', 'b' and 'c' i sa , i sb , i sc sensed source currents of phase 'a', 'b' and 'c' i sa *, i sb *, i sc * reference source currents of phase 'a', 'b' and 'c' V pv , I pv solar PV voltage and current V dc *, V dc , V dcer reference DC-link voltage, DC-link voltage of VSC and their error I b *, I b , I ber reference battery current, sensed battery current and their error C dc , L f , R f , C f DC-link capacitor, coupling inductor, resistance and capacitor of ripple filter L b , L dc boost converter inductor, BDDC inductor

Future research tendencies for solar energy management using a bibliometric analysis, 2000–2019

“…To evaluate future research tendencies, the articles which were published between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed respecting the scientific literature gaps which they propose. Of the 3260 articles on solar PV energy management that were published between 2010 and 2019, 235 were not accessible, 955 did not apply to research and 1917 did not include proposals for further research ( Figure 3 ) [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 …”

Optimisation of MG operation considering effects of power electronic converters

“…Actually, (1) is not able to answer the question that whether shutting down a gas turbine is cheaper or changing the (30). In (27), the first and second terms are the start-up and shutdown costs, respectively. The third term demonstrates the sum of fuel cost of generators.…”

“…However, as the commutation failure is the most common fault in the thyristorbased converters, this type of converter is not suitable for the purpose of this paper and is not surveyed here [26]. Depending on the application, different converters and various switching algorithms have been proposed to connect power supplies and loads, which would impose multiple restrictions such as active power exchange restriction, reactive power control, total harmonic distortion (THD) limitation etc [20,27,28]. Among all mentioned restrictions, THD would have the greatest impact on the final results since IEEE 519-2014 coerces that the amount of voltage THD in a distribution network must be lower than 5%, and hence it might impose penalties which affect the total operation cost of an MG. Harmonic injection is one of the main concerns since these harmonics increase power losses and may cause stability problems in the grid [29,30].…”

Power Management Strategy Based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for AC Microgrid

“…In [7], the PM for a MG consisting of a photovoltaic (PV), a wind turbine (WT), a distributed generator, and a battery bank with linear and non-linear loads was achieved through the utilization of the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system )ANFIS( with elephant herd optimization (EHO) algorithm. The authors in [8] introduced a PM system for PV-battery-hydro based MG capable of regulating the frequency and voltage of the MG and load leveling and organized the active power circulating during battery charging and discharging. Similarly, in [9], a PV/battery hybrid distributed power generation system was proposed with a power management strategy (PMS) of only one integrated three-port power converter.…”