Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wheat: Identification and Genetic Analysis

Alam, Md. Ashraful; Xue, Fei; Wang, Changyou; Ji, Wanquan

doi:10.5539/jmbr.v1n1p20

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…These populations are independent samples of genetic variation within the species that can be combined to boost the available recombination and thus boost mapping resolution, similar to the NAM concept (McMullen et al, 2009). In wheat (Triticum aestivum), many studies have mapped QTL for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis; Alam et al, 2011). Marone et al (2013) conducted a metaanalysis that combined these studies into a single QTL mapping study.…”

Section: Genome-wide Expression Qtl and Meta-qtl Mapping Expand Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Resistance: More Than Just Perception of a Pathogen

2017

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0001-6455-8474 (J.A.C.); 0000-0001-5759-3175 (D.J.K.)Molecular plant pathology has focused on studying large-effect qualitative resistance loci that predominantly function in detecting pathogens and/or transmitting signals resulting from pathogen detection. By contrast, less is known about quantitative resistance loci, particularly the molecular mechanisms controlling variation in quantitative resistance. Recent studies have provided insight into these mechanisms, showing that genetic variation at hundreds of causal genes may underpin quantitative resistance. Loci controlling quantitative resistance contain some of the same causal genes that mediate qualitative resistance, but the predominant mechanisms of quantitative resistance extend beyond pathogen recognition. Indeed, most causal genes for quantitative resistance encode specific defense-related outputs such as strengthening of the cell wall or defense compound biosynthesis. Extending previous work on qualitative resistance to focus on the mechanisms of quantitative resistance, such as the link between perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and growth, has shown that the mechanisms underlying these defense outputs are also highly polygenic. Studies that include genetic variation in the pathogen have begun to highlight a potential need to rethink how the field considers broad-spectrum resistance and how it is affected by genetic variation within pathogen species and between pathogen species. These studies are broadening our understanding of quantitative resistance and highlighting the potentially vast scale of the genetic basis of quantitative resistance.

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Section: Genome-wide Expression Qtl and Meta-qtl Mapping Expand Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Resistance: More Than Just Perception of a Pathogen

2017

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“…To date, more than 60 powdery mildew resistance genes/ alleles have been reported in common and durum wheat [2]. Some of these were transferred from domesticated as well as wild relatives, such as Triticum turgidum var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dicoccum (Schrank), T. timopheevii (Zhuk. ), T. monococcum (L.), T. tauschii (Schmalh), and Aegilops speltoides (Tausch), or from more distant species, like Secale cereale (L.) [2]. Molecular markers have largely been used for mapping a number of these genes to specific chromosomes or chromosome regions [3], and some of these genes have been cloned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPowdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify the wheat genomic regions that are involved in the control of powdery mildew resistance through a quantitative trait loci (QTL) meta-analysis approach. This meta-analysis allows the use of collected QTL data from different published studies to obtain consensus QTL across different genetic backgrounds, thus providing a better definition of the regions responsible for the trait, and the possibility to obtain molecular markers that will be suitable for marker-assisted selection.ResultsFive QTL for resistance to powdery mildew were identified under field conditions in the durum-wheat segregating population Creso × Pedroso. An integrated map was developed for the projection of resistance genes/ alleles and the QTL from the present study and the literature, and to investigate their distribution in the wheat genome. Molecular markers that correspond to candidate genes for plant responses to pathogens were also projected onto the map, particularly considering NBS-LRR and receptor-like protein kinases. More than 80 independent QTL and 51 resistance genes from 62 different mapping populations were projected onto the consensus map using the Biomercator statistical software. Twenty-four MQTL that comprised 2–6 initial QTL that had widely varying confidence intervals were found on 15 chromosomes. The co-location of the resistance QTL and genes was investigated. Moreover, from analysis of the sequences of DArT markers, 28 DArT clones mapped on wheat chromosomes have been shown to be associated with the NBS-LRR genes and positioned in the same regions as the MQTL for powdery mildew resistance.ConclusionsThe results from the present study provide a detailed analysis of the genetic basis of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The study of the Creso × Pedroso durum-wheat population has revealed some QTL that had not been previously identified. Furthermore, the analysis of the co-localization of resistance loci and functional markers provides a large list of candidate genes and opens up a new perspective for the fine mapping and isolation of resistance genes, and for the marker-assisted improvement of resistance in wheat.

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“…Qualitative (single gene) and quantitative (multiple genes) plant resistance is an important part of crop disease management (Jones, 2001). Plant defense mechanisms have been studied extensively in model systems, and these mechanisms may vary according to specific host-pathogen interactions (Alam et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of resistance to powdery mildew at the early stage of development in wheat line N0308

Alam

Zhai

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (Bgt) is one of the devastating diseases of wheat and causes yield losses in temperate wheat growing regions. A wheat line, N0308 with resistance to powdery mildew was used in this study. A suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed from the wheat leaves inoculated by Bgt at the two-leaf stage. The differentially expressed genes in response to Bgt infection in wheat were identified, and a total of 175 positive clones from the library were sequenced, and 90 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were subjected to clustering, BLAST alignment, functional annotation, and classification into different categories. By comparing the EST sequences among the SSH-cDNA libraries, we analyzed gene expression patterns of 7 ESTs associated with the resistance reaction of powdery mildew by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 5 genes (sulfatase, pathogenesis-related protein 17, betacarbonic anhydrase 2, thioredoxin h-like protein, and coronatineinsensitive) transcripts was induced, and the transcript levels of these genes were the highest at 72 h after Bgt infection, while those of 2 genes (violaxanthin de-epoxidase and gag-pol-polyprotein) were the highest level at 12 and 18 h post-infection, respectively. These findings suggest that these genes are induced at an early stage of infection and are transcriptionally activated for the host defense response.

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Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Wheat: Identification and Genetic Analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 142 publications

Quantitative Resistance: More Than Just Perception of a Pathogen

Quantitative Resistance: More Than Just Perception of a Pathogen

Genetic basis of qualitative and quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: from consensus regions to candidate genes

Differential expression of resistance to powdery mildew at the early stage of development in wheat line N0308

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