Potential waste from palm empty fruit bunches and eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Putra, Meilana Dharma; Ristianingsih, Yuli; Jelita, Rinny; Irawan, Chairul; Nata, Iryanti Fatyasari

doi:10.1039/c7ra11031f

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The surface area of silica obtained in this study was also comparable to that reported in the literature; by Faramawy et al (2016), with a surface area of 12-67 m 2 g -1 , and Putra et al (2017), who produced silica catalyst with a surface area of 39.7 m 2 g -1 . Figure 4 shows the results of the SEM characterization for the alumina and silica catalysts.…”

Section: Characterization Results Of the Extracted Alumina And Silicasupporting

confidence: 88%

Triacetin Production From Glycerol Using Heterogeneous Catalysts Prepared From Peat Clay

Yanti¹,

Hesty²,

Putra³

et al. 2019

IJTech

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Glycerol, an abundant by-product of biodiesel production, is urgently considered to increase its usage. Triacetin produced from glycerol is an important material, used in polyester, cryogenics, cosmetics and as a biodiesel additive. Using homogeneous catalysts in triacetin production involves high product separation costs. The purpose of this study is to synthesize heterogeneous catalysts based on alumina and silica from peat clay for use in the production of triacetin from glycerol. The conversion of glycerol for triacetin production using such alumina and silica catalysts yielded levels of 82.7% and 87.4%, respectively. These values were greater than the conversion value of 71.2% using a sulfuric acid homogeneous catalyst. An optimum conversion of 91% was obtained at the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid of 8.9. The potential heterogeneous catalysts were confirmed by the results of SEM, XRD and BET characterization. Therefore, the production of triacetin using heterogeneous silica catalyst could be an alternative approach in commercial processes which currently using homogeneous catalysts.

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Section: Characterization Results Of the Extracted Alumina And Silicasupporting

confidence: 88%

Triacetin Production From Glycerol Using Heterogeneous Catalysts Prepared From Peat Clay

Yanti¹,

Hesty²,

Putra³

et al. 2019

IJTech

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“…Various homogenous acids/base catalysts such as CH 3 NaO, H 2 SO 4 , HCl, NaOH, and KOH were used for the biodiesel production. These catalysts have virtuous catalytic performance but have several drawbacks on commercialization because of saponification, nonreusability, and less reactivity to high free fatty oils . Mainly, an acid pretreatment process is a prerequisite for the homogenous base catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These catalysts have virtuous catalytic performance but have several drawbacks on commercialization because of saponification, nonreusability, and less reactivity to high free fatty oils. 13,14 Mainly, an acid pretreatment process is a prerequisite for the homogenous base catalyst. This pretreatment exhibits high cost of biodiesel production, high energy consumption, and corrosion in the reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Kowthaman

Selvan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The present work investigates the synthesis of a new and highly efficient sodium‐doped nanohydroxyapatite, as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of fatty acid methyl esters from Schizochytrium algae oil. Sodium nitrate supported on nanohydroxyapatite catalyst was prepared using wet impregnation technique and calcinated at different temperatures. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized to determine the structural and morphological properties, using BET, XRD, TGA, FTIR, ICP, and TEM. Characterization results reported that the catalyst calcinated at 900°C exhibits good catalytic property. The catalyst was utilized for the production of biodiesel, under different reaction parameters through transesterification process. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to evaluate the best combination of molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction time for transesterification process. By using point prediction method, the optimum yield of 96% was achieved at the catalyst concentration of 9.5 wt% of oil, 1:12 molar ratio, and 121‐minute reaction time. The physiochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined, and the result suggested that the biodiesel produced met ASTM D6751 standard. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance on reusability up to six runs without the loss of molecular activity. Therefore, the synthesized heterogeneous catalyst derived from animal bone could be efficiently used for the biodiesel production.

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“…Earlier, Ansori et al 195 197 CaO/Zn, 198 CaO/KF/Fe3O4, 199 CaO/SiO2 based on palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), 200 and Mo-Zr/CaO 201 etc.…”

Section: Biomass-based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Changmai¹,

Vanlalveni²,

Bhagat³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

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Potential waste from palm empty fruit bunches and eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Abstract: Biodiesel is one of the potential alternative energies produced from a variety of vegetable oils.

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Triacetin Production From Glycerol Using Heterogeneous Catalysts Prepared From Peat Clay

Triacetin Production From Glycerol Using Heterogeneous Catalysts Prepared From Peat Clay

Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

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