Potential of UV-B and UV-C irradiation in disinfecting microorganisms and removing N-nitrosodimethylamine and 1,4-dioxane for potable water reuse: A review

Tran, Hai Duc Minh; Boivin, Sandrine; Kodamatani, Hitoshi; Ikehata, Keisuke; Fujioka, Takahiro

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131682

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…While weak induction (induction ratio of 2.4 ± 0.02) of Nrf2 responses was detected for raw water (Figure d and Figure S2), significant increases in Nrf2 responses were observed for waters treated with chlorine (4.43 ± 0.73 fold, p = 0.003) and chloramine (3.30 ± 0.06 folds, p < 0.001), across two treatment replicates and six technical replicates. Our results are consistent with a previous study in which the Nrf2 responses of water samples increased after chlorination . Interestingly, slight decreases in Nrf2 response were detected for UV-AOP-treated waters (highlighted pink in Figure d) as compared to raw water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The AOP experiments were conducted in a Rayox well-mixed batch reactor (Model: PS1-1-120 Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA). The batch reactor was equipped with a l kW medium pressure UV lamp, and the water was exposed to UV for the amount of time required to achieve 0.5-log destruction of 1,4-dioxane (which was found to be equivalent to approximately 7 s for both processes) . A set of UV/Cl and UV/Pero-treated water samples, with the high chlorine dose for UV/Cl, were also subjected to postchlor(am)ination, with chlor(am)ine doses determined as they were for the disinfection experiments (doses were in the range 3–12 mg of Cl 2 /L), to examine post-AOP DBP formation potential.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thiol Reactome: A Nontargeted Strategy to Precisely Identify Thiol Reactive Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

Yeung

Moore

Sun

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The precise identification of predominant toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from disinfected water is a longstanding challenge. We propose a new acellular analytical strategy, the ‘Thiol Reactome’, to identify thiol-reactive DBPs by employing a thiol probe and nontargeted mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Disinfected/oxidized water samples had reduced cellular oxidative stress responses of 46 ± 23% in Nrf2 reporter cells when preincubated with glutathione (GSH). This supports thiol-reactive DBPs as the predominant drivers of oxidative stress. This method was benchmarked using seven classes of DBPs including haloacetonitriles, which preferentially reacted with GSH via substitution or addition depending on the number of halogens present. The method was then applied to chemically disinfected/oxidized waters, and 181 tentative DBP-GSH reaction products were detected. The formulas of 24 high abundance DBP-GSH adducts were predicted, among which nitrogenous-DBPs (11) and unsaturated carbonyls (4) were the predominant compound classes. Two major unsaturated carbonyl-GSH adducts, GSH-acrolein and GSH-acrylic acid, were confirmed by their authentic standards. These two adducts were unexpectedly formed from larger native DBPs when reacting with GSH. This study demonstrated the “Thiol Reactome” as an effective acellular assay to precisely identify and broadly capture toxic DBPs from water mixtures.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiol Reactome: A Nontargeted Strategy to Precisely Identify Thiol Reactive Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

Yeung

Moore

Sun

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Wavelengths below 240 nm are thought to be more effective in inactivating specific pathogens. − Moreover, 222 nm UV showed better inactivation efficiency against non-enveloped viruses (e.g., MS2 coliphage and adenovirus) and enveloped viruses (bacteriophage Phi6 and coronavirus) than other UVC. ,− However, little is known about the UVC-induced inactivation mechanisms of enveloped viruses, especially at 222 nm, compared to non-enveloped viruses. In addition to their high inactivation efficiency, conventional LP-Hg, and MP-Hg lamps have been widely utilized in water treatment, primarily owing to their high wall-plug efficiency (30–35 and 10–20%, respectively) . The wall-plug efficiency (WPE) is defined as the ratio of the radiant energy of the light source (W) divided by the electrical power input from the wall to operate the lamp (W).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to their high inactivation efficiency, conventional LP-Hg, and MP-Hg lamps have been widely utilized in water treatment, primarily owing to their high wall-plug efficiency (30−35 and 10−20%, respectively). 18 The wall-plug efficiency (WPE) is defined as the ratio of the radiant energy of the light source (W) divided by the electrical power input from the wall to operate the lamp (W). Therefore, the lower WPE of UV-LEDs and KrCl excimer lamps can be a significant challenge for considering them as an alternative light source to conventional Hg lamps, 19 in which the WPE of 222 nm KrCl excimer lamps (3%) is higher than that of UV-LEDs (0.6−2.6%).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–Response Behavior of Pathogens and Surrogate Microorganisms across the Ultraviolet-C Spectrum: Inactivation Efficiencies, Action Spectra, and Mechanisms

Sun

Jing

Zhao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The dose−response behavior of pathogens and inactivation mechanisms by UV-LEDs and excimer lamps remains unclear. This study used low-pressure (LP) UV lamps, UV-LEDs with different peak wavelengths, and a 222 nm krypton chlorine (KrCl) excimer lamp to inactivate six microorganisms and to investigate their UV sensitivities and electrical energy efficiencies. The 265 nm UV-LED had the highest inactivation rates (0.47−0.61 cm 2 /mJ) for all tested bacteria. The bacterial sensitivity strongly fitted the absorption curve of nucleic acids at wavelengths of 200−300 nm; however, indirect damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was the leading cause of bacterial inactivation under 222 nm UV irradiation. In addition, the guanine and cytosine (GC) content and cell wall constituents of bacteria affect inactivation efficiency. The inactivation rate constant of Phi6 (0.13 ± 0.002 cm 2 /mJ) at 222 nm due to lipid envelope damage was significantly higher than other UVC (0.006−0.035 cm 2 /mJ). To achieve 2log reduction, the LP UV lamp had the best electrical energy efficiency (required less energy, average 0.02 kWh/m 3 ) followed by 222 nm KrCl excimer lamp (0.14 kWh/m 3 ) and 285 nm UV-LED (0.49 kWh/m 3 ).

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“…Non-ionising UV-C irradiation, alone or in combination with other cleaning and disinfection methods, is a physical technology that is increasingly used for a wide range of applications. It is used in the food industry and for food safety [ 7 , 8 ], in agriculture [ 9 ], for water decontamination [ 10 , 11 ], for indoor air purification and surface cleaning [ 12 – 14 ], in healthcare environments [ 15 – 19 ], and for the treatment of personal protective equipment [ 20 ]. The latter application is under particular scrutiny at the moment in the context of the coronavirus disease pandemic and related critical shortages in the supply chain of personal protective equipment [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricidal efficacy of ultraviolet-C irradiation of Tetranychus urticae adults and eggs using a pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser

et al. 2021

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Background Pulsed ultraviolet (UV)-C light sources, such as excimer lasers, are used in emerging non-thermal food-decontamination methods and also have high potential for use in a wide range of microbial decontamination applications. The acaricidal effect of an experimental UV-C irradiation device was assessed using female adults and eggs of a model organism, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Methods UV-C light was generated by a pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser operating at 248-nm emission wavelength. The pulse energy and pulse repetition rate were 5 mJ and up to 100 Hz, respectively. The distance from the light source to the target was 150 mm; the target surface area was 2.16 cm2. The exposure time for the mites and fresh eggs varied from 1 to 4 min at 5–300 mW, which corresponded to UV doses of 5–80 kJ/m2. Post-irradiation acaricidal effects (mite mortality) were assessed immediately and also measured at 24 h. The effects of UV-C irradiation on the hatchability of eggs were observed daily for up to 12 days post-irradiation. Results The mortality of mites at 5 and 40 kJ/m2 was 26% and 92%, respectively. Mite mortality reached 98% at 80 kJ/m2. The effect of exposure duration on mortality was minimal. The effect of irradiation on egg hatchability was even more significant than that on adult mite mortality, i.e. about 100% egg mortality at an accumulated dose of as little as 5 kJ/m2 for each exposure time. Conclusions A high rate of mite mortality and lethal egg damage were observed after less than 1 min of exposure to 5 mJ UV-C pulsed irradiation at 60 Hz. Pending further developments (such as beam steering, beam shaping and miniaturisation) and feasibility studies (such as testing with mites in real-life situations), the reported results and characteristics of the UV-C generator (modulation of energy output and adaptability to varying spot sizes) open up the use of this technology for a vast field of acaricidal applications that require long-range radiation. Graphical Abstract

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Potential of UV-B and UV-C irradiation in disinfecting microorganisms and removing N-nitrosodimethylamine and 1,4-dioxane for potable water reuse: A review

Cited by 29 publications

References 89 publications

Thiol Reactome: A Nontargeted Strategy to Precisely Identify Thiol Reactive Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

Thiol Reactome: A Nontargeted Strategy to Precisely Identify Thiol Reactive Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

Dose–Response Behavior of Pathogens and Surrogate Microorganisms across the Ultraviolet-C Spectrum: Inactivation Efficiencies, Action Spectra, and Mechanisms

Acaricidal efficacy of ultraviolet-C irradiation of Tetranychus urticae adults and eggs using a pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser

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