Potential of fish opsin gene duplications to evolve new adaptive functions

Gojobori, Jun; Innan, Hideki

doi:10.1016/j.tig.2009.03.008

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In teleosts, RH2 and SWS2 opsins show increased divergence in structure and function compared to SWS1 and LWS opsins, by copy number variation in each gene and genetic distance between orthologues (Gojobori & Innan, 2009). These variations are estimated to be caused by different selective pressure among opsins; LWS and SWS1, which have a conservative role to detect long and short wavelengths, respectively, have been under high selective pressure not to change the visible wavelength range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slight differences in opsin structure enable light to be optimally absorbed at different wavelengths. In bony fishes, the opsin repertoire differs among species (Gojobori & Innan, 2009; Yokoyama, 2000). Generally, the surface‐dwelling species, which habit the luminous superficial area of water, have a large cone opsin repertoire, as seen in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) (Chinen, Hamaoka, Yamada, & Kawamura, 2003), medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) (Matsumoto, Fukamachi, Mitani, & Kawamura, 2006), and guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) (Kawamura et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green‐shifting ofSWS2A opsin sensitivity and loss of function ofRH2‐A opsin in flounders, genusVerasper

Kasagi

Mizusawa

Takahashi

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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We identified visual opsin genes for three flounder species, including the spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), slime flounder (Microstomus achne), and Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Structure and function of opsins for the three species were characterized together with those of the barfin flounder (V. moseri) that we previously reported. All four flounder species possessed five basic opsin genes, including lws, sws1, sws2, rh1, and rh2. Specific features were observed in rh2 and sws2. The rh2‐a, one of the three subtypes of rh2, was absent in the genome of V. variegatus and pseudogenized in V. moseri. Moreover, rh2‐a mRNA was not detected in M. achne and P. olivaceus, despite the presence of a functional reading frame. Analyses of the maximum absorption spectra (λmax) estimated by in vitro reconstitution indicated that SWS2A of M. achne (451.9 nm) and P. olivaceus (465.6 nm) were blue‐sensitive, whereas in V. variegatus (485.4 nm), it was green‐sensitive and comparable to V. moseri (482.3 nm). Our results indicate that although the four flounder species possess a similar opsin gene repertoire, the SWS2A opsin of the genus Verasper is functionally green‐sensitive, while its overall structure remains conserved as a blue‐sensitive opsin. Further, the rh2‐a function seems to have been reduced during the evolution of flounders. λmax values of predicted ancestral SWS2A of Pleuronectiformes and Pleuronectidae was 465.4 and 462.4 nm, respectively, indicating that these were blue‐sensitive. Thus, the green‐sensitive SWS2A is estimated to be arisen in ancestral Verasper genus. It is suggested that the sensitivity shift of SWS2A from blue to green may have compensated functional reduction in RH2‐A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green‐shifting ofSWS2A opsin sensitivity and loss of function ofRH2‐A opsin in flounders, genusVerasper

Kasagi

Mizusawa

Takahashi

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This process has occurred frequently, and sometimes rapidly, in evolutionary time (Pohl et al, 2009;Gojobori and Innan, 2009;Trezise and Collin, 2005). The recent expansion in genomic data of invertebrates has shown that even animals lacking morphologically complex eyes are often rich in opsin genes.…”

Section: A M Sweeney and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twilight spectral dynamics and the coral reef invertebrate spawning response

Sweeney

Boch

Johnsen

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThere are dramatic and physiologically relevant changes in both skylight color and intensity during evening twilight as the pathlength of direct sunlight through the atmosphere increases, ozone increasingly absorbs long wavelengths and skylight becomes increasingly blue shifted. The moon is above the horizon at sunset during the waxing phase of the lunar cycle, on the horizon at sunset on the night of the full moon and below the horizon during the waning phase. Moonlight is red shifted compared with daylight, so the presence, phase and position of the moon in the sky could modulate the blue shifts during twilight. Therefore, the influence of the moon on twilight color is likely to differ somewhat each night of the lunar cycle, and to vary especially rapidly around the full moon, as the moon transitions from above to below the horizon during twilight. Many important light-mediated biological processes occur during twilight, and this lunar effect may play a role. One particularly intriguing biological event tightly correlated with these twilight processes is the occurrence of mass spawning events on coral reefs. Therefore, we measured downwelling underwater hyperspectral irradiance on a coral reef during twilight for several nights before and after the full moon. We demonstrate that shifts in twilight color and intensity on nights both within and between evenings, immediately before and after the full moon, are correlated with the observed times of synchronized mass spawning, and that these optical phenomena are a biologically plausible cue for the synchronization of these mass spawning events.

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“…Other examples of multiple rh1 genes are usually the result of species-specific duplication events (Lim et al, 1997). It is also interesting to note that the middle wavelengthsensitive cone opsin groups, which absorb similar wavelengths of light to rhodopsins, have been suggested to make greater contributions to adaptive vision through gene duplication (Gojobori and Innan, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A second visual rhodopsin gene,rh1-2, is expressed in zebrafish photoreceptors and found in other ray-finned fishes

Morrow

Lazic

Fox

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Rhodopsin (rh1) is the visual pigment expressed in rod photoreceptors of vertebrates that is responsible for initiating the critical first step of dim-light vision. Rhodopsin is usually a single copy gene; however, we previously discovered a novel rhodopsin-like gene expressed in the zebrafish retina, rh1-2, which we identified as a functional photosensitive pigment that binds 11-cis retinal and activates in response to light. Here, we localized expression of rh1-2 in the zebrafish retina to a subset of peripheral photoreceptor cells, which indicates a partially overlapping expression pattern with rh1. We also expressed, purified and characterized Rh1-2, including investigation of the stability of the biologically active intermediate. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we found the half-life of the rate of retinal release of Rh1-2 following photoactivation to be more similar to that of the visual pigment rhodopsin than to the non-visual pigment exo-rhodopsin (exorh), which releases retinal around 5 times faster. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses show that rh1-2 has ancient origins within teleost fishes, is under similar selective pressure to rh1, and likely experienced a burst of positive selection following its duplication and divergence from rh1. These findings indicate that rh1-2 is another functional visual rhodopsin gene, which contradicts the prevailing notion that visual rhodopsin is primarily found as a single copy gene within ray-finned fishes. The reasons for retention of this duplicate gene, as well as possible functional consequences for the visual system, are discussed.

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Potential of fish opsin gene duplications to evolve new adaptive functions

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Green‐shifting ofSWS2A opsin sensitivity and loss of function ofRH2‐A opsin in flounders, genusVerasper

Green‐shifting ofSWS2A opsin sensitivity and loss of function ofRH2‐A opsin in flounders, genusVerasper

Twilight spectral dynamics and the coral reef invertebrate spawning response

A second visual rhodopsin gene,rh1-2, is expressed in zebrafish photoreceptors and found in other ray-finned fishes

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