Potential hepatotoxicity of copper in recurrent hemodialysis

Acute Zinc Toxicity in Haemodialysis

“…Simultaneous copper uptake studies in these dogs have been reported previously (Blomfield et al, 1971). A comparison between zinc and copper uptake from similar bath fluid concentrations shows a relatively greater increase of zinc in plasma returning from the dialysis coil and in arterial plasma but a comparatively lower liver uptake of zinc at the end of the twohour dialysis period.…”

“…Gastrointestinal disturbances and haemolysis are symptoms of copper poisoning in haemodialysis (Blomfield et al, 1971), but measurements in this patient disclosed no undue contamination of the dialysis fluid by copper, nor excessive uptake by plasma or red cells. The small increase of plasma free copper may have been due to displacement by zinc of liver copper which had accumulated during previous hospital dialyses and which, in this anephric patient, could not be cleared from the blood by the renal route.…”

“…Zinc and copper in dialysis fluid do not equilibrate across the dialysis membrane but are extracted into the blood by the strong affinity of the plasma and red cells for these metals (Blomfield et al, 1969;Blomfield et al, 1971).…”

“…Liver zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption in ashed wedge biopsy specimens dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acid. Sixteen dogs were experimentally dialysed with the prime purpose of measuring copper uptake, as previously described (Blomfield et al, 1971). Ten dogs were dialysed with Cellophane coils and six with cuprophane coils.…”

Acute Zinc Toxicity in Haemodialysis

“…Simultaneous copper uptake studies in these dogs have been reported previously (Blomfield et al, 1971). A comparison between zinc and copper uptake from similar bath fluid concentrations shows a relatively greater increase of zinc in plasma returning from the dialysis coil and in arterial plasma but a comparatively lower liver uptake of zinc at the end of the twohour dialysis period.…”

“…Gastrointestinal disturbances and haemolysis are symptoms of copper poisoning in haemodialysis (Blomfield et al, 1971), but measurements in this patient disclosed no undue contamination of the dialysis fluid by copper, nor excessive uptake by plasma or red cells. The small increase of plasma free copper may have been due to displacement by zinc of liver copper which had accumulated during previous hospital dialyses and which, in this anephric patient, could not be cleared from the blood by the renal route.…”

“…Zinc and copper in dialysis fluid do not equilibrate across the dialysis membrane but are extracted into the blood by the strong affinity of the plasma and red cells for these metals (Blomfield et al, 1969;Blomfield et al, 1971).…”

“…Liver zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption in ashed wedge biopsy specimens dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acid. Sixteen dogs were experimentally dialysed with the prime purpose of measuring copper uptake, as previously described (Blomfield et al, 1971). Ten dogs were dialysed with Cellophane coils and six with cuprophane coils.…”

Environmental Pathology

“…25.6.2 Copper 25.6.2.1 Acute Copper Toxicity Acute copper toxicity may result from: (1) ingestion (either suicidal or accidental) of copper sulfate, (2) its use as an emetic or for the treatment of burns, (3) the release of copper ions from equipment made of copper, (4) acid pH conditions (e.g., malfunctioning hemodialysis equipment or vending machines), or (5) high levels of copper in drinking water (Blomfield et al 1971;Spitainy et al 1984;Holtzman et al 1986). Copper poisoning leads to a hemolytic anemia related to several effects on erythrocytes that include inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, inhibition of glycolysis, denaturation of hemoglobin (with Heinz body formation), and oxidation of glutathione.…”

Acute Zinc Toxicity in Haemodialysis

“…Simultaneous copper uptake studies in these dogs have been reported previously (Blomfield et al, 1971). A comparison between zinc and copper uptake from similar bath fluid concentrations shows a relatively greater increase of zinc in plasma returning from the dialysis coil and in arterial plasma but a comparatively lower liver uptake of zinc at the end of the twohour dialysis period.…”

“…Gastrointestinal disturbances and haemolysis are symptoms of copper poisoning in haemodialysis (Blomfield et al, 1971), but measurements in this patient disclosed no undue contamination of the dialysis fluid by copper, nor excessive uptake by plasma or red cells. The small increase of plasma free copper may have been due to displacement by zinc of liver copper which had accumulated during previous hospital dialyses and which, in this anephric patient, could not be cleared from the blood by the renal route.…”

“…Zinc and copper in dialysis fluid do not equilibrate across the dialysis membrane but are extracted into the blood by the strong affinity of the plasma and red cells for these metals (Blomfield et al, 1969;Blomfield et al, 1971).…”

“…Liver zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption in ashed wedge biopsy specimens dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acid. Sixteen dogs were experimentally dialysed with the prime purpose of measuring copper uptake, as previously described (Blomfield et al, 1971). Ten dogs were dialysed with Cellophane coils and six with cuprophane coils.…”

Environmental Pathology

“…25.6.2 Copper 25.6.2.1 Acute Copper Toxicity Acute copper toxicity may result from: (1) ingestion (either suicidal or accidental) of copper sulfate, (2) its use as an emetic or for the treatment of burns, (3) the release of copper ions from equipment made of copper, (4) acid pH conditions (e.g., malfunctioning hemodialysis equipment or vending machines), or (5) high levels of copper in drinking water (Blomfield et al 1971;Spitainy et al 1984;Holtzman et al 1986). Copper poisoning leads to a hemolytic anemia related to several effects on erythrocytes that include inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, inhibition of glycolysis, denaturation of hemoglobin (with Heinz body formation), and oxidation of glutathione.…”

Acute Zinc Toxicity in Haemodialysis

“…Simultaneous copper uptake studies in these dogs have been reported previously (Blomfield et al, 1971). A comparison between zinc and copper uptake from similar bath fluid concentrations shows a relatively greater increase of zinc in plasma returning from the dialysis coil and in arterial plasma but a comparatively lower liver uptake of zinc at the end of the twohour dialysis period.…”

“…Gastrointestinal disturbances and haemolysis are symptoms of copper poisoning in haemodialysis (Blomfield et al, 1971), but measurements in this patient disclosed no undue contamination of the dialysis fluid by copper, nor excessive uptake by plasma or red cells. The small increase of plasma free copper may have been due to displacement by zinc of liver copper which had accumulated during previous hospital dialyses and which, in this anephric patient, could not be cleared from the blood by the renal route.…”

“…Zinc and copper in dialysis fluid do not equilibrate across the dialysis membrane but are extracted into the blood by the strong affinity of the plasma and red cells for these metals (Blomfield et al, 1969;Blomfield et al, 1971).…”

“…Liver zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption in ashed wedge biopsy specimens dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acid. Sixteen dogs were experimentally dialysed with the prime purpose of measuring copper uptake, as previously described (Blomfield et al, 1971). Ten dogs were dialysed with Cellophane coils and six with cuprophane coils.…”

Environmental Pathology

“…25.6.2 Copper 25.6.2.1 Acute Copper Toxicity Acute copper toxicity may result from: (1) ingestion (either suicidal or accidental) of copper sulfate, (2) its use as an emetic or for the treatment of burns, (3) the release of copper ions from equipment made of copper, (4) acid pH conditions (e.g., malfunctioning hemodialysis equipment or vending machines), or (5) high levels of copper in drinking water (Blomfield et al 1971;Spitainy et al 1984;Holtzman et al 1986). Copper poisoning leads to a hemolytic anemia related to several effects on erythrocytes that include inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, inhibition of glycolysis, denaturation of hemoglobin (with Heinz body formation), and oxidation of glutathione.…”