Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus.

Turell, Michael J.; O’Guinn, Monica L.; Oliver, JoAnne

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.413

Cited by 231 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…0, incompetent; ϩ, inefÞcient; ϩϩϩϩ, extremely efÞcient vector. Based on 1 (Turell et al 2000), 2 ), 3 (Turell et al 2001), 4 (Sardelis et al 2001), 5 (Goddard et al 2002), 6 (Sardelis et al 2002), 7 (Turell et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used an isolate of WNV (crow 397-99) from the brain of a crow that died in the Bronx, NY, in September 1999 (Turell et al 2000) and had been passaged twice in Vero (African green monkey kidney) cells before use in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on viremia proÞles in young leghorn chickens, Gallus gallus L., determined previously (Turell et al 2000), mosquitoes were allowed to feed for up to 45 min on 2-to 4-d-old leghorn chickens that had been inoculated with 10 4.3 plaque-forming units (PFU) of WNV 1Ð3 d earlier. To ensure that the various mosquito species received the same virus exposure, nonfed females of several species were combined into a single cage before feeding on the infected chicken.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Chickens used in the transmission attempts were bled from the jugular vein 1 d after mosquito feeding and the blood processed as described above. Based on previous studies (Turell et al 2000), infected chickens would have a viremia of Ͼ10 5 PFU/ml at this time. Detecting virus in these blood samples indicated transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Update on the Potential of North American Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Transmit West Nile Virus

Turell

Dohm

Sardelis³

et al. 2005

J Med Entomol

526

358

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Since Þrst discovered in the New York City area in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has become established over much of the continental United States and has been responsible for Ͼ10,000 cases of severe disease and 400 human fatalities, as well as thousands of fatal infections in horses. To develop appropriate surveillance and control strategies, the identiÞcation of which mosquito species are competent vectors and how various factors inßuence their ability to transmit this virus must be determined. Therefore, we evaluated numerous mosquito species for their ability to transmit WNV under laboratory conditions. This report contains data for several mosquito species not reported previously, as well as a summary of transmission data compiled from previously reported studies. Mosquitoes were allowed to feed on chickens infected with WNV isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak in New York City. These mosquitoes were tested Ϸ2 wk later to determine infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. All Culex species tested were competent vectors in the laboratory and varied from highly efÞcient vectors (e.g., Culex tarsalis Coquillett) to moderately efÞcient ones (e.g., Culex nigripalpus Theobald). Nearly all of the Culex species tested could serve as efÞcient enzootic or amplifying vectors for WNV. Several container-breeding Aedes and Ochlerotatus species were highly efÞcient vectors under laboratory conditions, but because of their feeding preferences, would probably not be involved in the maintenance of WNV in nature. However, they would be potential bridge vectors between the avianÐCulex cycle and mammalian hosts. In contrast, most of the surface pool-breeding Aedes and Ochlerotatus species tested were relatively inefÞcient vectors under laboratory conditions and would probably not play a signiÞcant role in transmitting WNV in nature. In determining the potential for a mosquito species to become involved in transmitting WNV, it is necessary to consider not only its laboratory vector competence but also its abundance, host-feeding preference, involvement with other viruses with similar transmission cycles, and whether WNV has been isolated from this species under natural conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Update on the Potential of North American Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to Transmit West Nile Virus

Turell

Dohm

Sardelis³

et al. 2005

J Med Entomol

526

358

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 There were previous WNV epidemics: in Israel during the 1950s; in South Africa in 1974 and in 1996 ± 97; in the New York area Romania and Russia in 1999 ± 2000. 3,4 Symptoms are usually mild: fever, headaches, body aches, skin rashes, swollen lymph nodes. In severe cases, high fever is accompanied by neck sti ness, and rarely, confusion, disorientation, stupor, coma, convulsions, paralysis and occasionally death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%