Potential cardiovascular mortality reductions with stricter food policies in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Diferenças entre homens e mulheres na qualidade da dieta: estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo

“…With regard to food, an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables and reduction in the consumption of salt and saturated fats and trans fats have all been recommended for the prevention of diseases 6,7 and significant reductions in deaths owing to cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms in some areas 8 . Research in Brazil that uses reference marks for the consumption of healthy food and unhealthy food has shown that compared with women, men show a higher prevalence in the consumption of: salt 9 , soft drinks and meats with an excessive amount of fat as well as showing a low consumption of fruits and vegetables 4,5,10 .…”

“…The BHEI-R went through some alterations in order to take in to account the food guidelines as set out for the Brazilian population in 2006 18 . A number of factors were taken into consideration in order to define the study objective: the greater work burden for adults who must provide and care for a family; the reduction in time spent on their own health; the impact that work has on the consumption of food; the fact that gender differences constitute a relevant factor in social inequality in relation to food [1][2][3] ; and the importance of food in the prevention of illnesses and the promotion of health 6,7 . As a result, the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the quality of the diets between men and women adults with consideration for the global indicator and the various components investigated by the BHEI-R and to also identify the possible differences between the sexes with reference to the standards for the factors associated with quality eating.…”

Macroeconomics and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

“…For example, the IMPACT model has been used to explain epidemiological transitions in CVD in several countries by retrospectively analyzing time trends and establishing the attributable impact of changes in risk factors. [11][12][13] Such analyses have highlighted that changes in risk factors, including diet, can have relatively quick effects on disease trends, contrary to popular belief, and may guide policy makers in the prioritization of risk factors and policies. 10,13 In this issue of Circulation, Ezzati and colleagues 14 perform a novel, population-level analysis across 199 countries for 4 metabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol) in relation to the degree of social (by urbanization and Western diet) and economic (assessed by gross domestic product) development between 1980 and 2008.…”

“…[11][12][13] Such analyses have highlighted that changes in risk factors, including diet, can have relatively quick effects on disease trends, contrary to popular belief, and may guide policy makers in the prioritization of risk factors and policies. 10,13 In this issue of Circulation, Ezzati and colleagues 14 perform a novel, population-level analysis across 199 countries for 4 metabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol) in relation to the degree of social (by urbanization and Western diet) and economic (assessed by gross domestic product) development between 1980 and 2008. At the global and cross-country levels, research, including the GBD study 8,9 and prior data from Ezzati and colleagues, has generally demonstrated overall increasing levels of burden of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension but with significant variations across risk factors and country-level income.…”

Parental provision and children's consumption of fruit and vegetables did not increase following the Food Dudes programme

“…The English Department of Health (2000) recommend that adults and children over the age of two years should consume at least five portions of fruit and vegetables per day due to the associated long-term health benefits (Boeing et al, 2012;O'Flaherty et al, 2012) However, evidence suggests that many children in the UK do not consume adequate levels of fruit and vegetables (The Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2012) which has resulted in a number of initiatives to improve children's eating habits, including the School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme (SFVS) and the introduction of the food and nutrient based standards (School Food Trust, 2008). However, whilst the SFVS has increased children's snack time consumption of fruit and vegetables (Department of Health, 2010) and the food and nutrient based standards have improved the nutritional content of school-supplied meals (Haroun et al, 2010), evidence suggests that only 44.1% of children choose to consume school meals with the majority of children opting to bring in lunches from home (Nelson et al, 2012).…”