Potential biodegradable matrices and fiber treatment for green composites: A review

Jha, Kanishka; Kataria, Ravinder; Verma, Jagesvar; Pradhan, Swastik

doi:10.3934/matersci.2019.1.119

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In this method, the adhesion between the matrix and the fibers is induced by the reaction between N=C=O group of isocyanate with a hydroxyl group of fiber as shown in Equation (5). The moisture present in fiber hydrolyzes isocyanate to urea, which on reacting with the hydroxyl group of fiber improves its moisture resistance ability and mechanical strength [61,62].…”

Section: Chemical Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the extraction of pineapple, sisal and abaca fibers and their use as reinforcement in polymer matrix

Radoor¹,

Karayil²,

Rangappa³

et al. 2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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In recent years, researchers across the globe have switched from synthetic fibers to natural fibers for the fabrication of composites. The desirable properties of natural fibers which attracted researchers, as well as academicians, are its low density, easy availability, environmentally friendly nature, biodegradability, and high specific strength. Hence in the last decade, there is tremendous progress in the development of natural fiber-reinforced composites for various industrial applications. The current review focused on the recent progress in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite. The natural fibers discussed in this review are derived from leaves, namely pineapple, sisal, and abaca. The extraction and processing of these fibers are briefly outlined. The properties and application of natural fiber-reinforced composites are also addressed in this review. One of the drawbacks of natural fiber is its poor compatibility with the polymer matrix. The different treatment methods to improve the fiber-matrix interaction are also summarized in the present review.

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Section: Chemical Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the extraction of pineapple, sisal and abaca fibers and their use as reinforcement in polymer matrix

Radoor¹,

Karayil²,

Rangappa³

et al. 2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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show abstract

“…Polymer composites are usually a recurrent solution in materials engineering due to its low weight, easy manufacturing, and high mechanical strength [3,4]. The current trend in polymer composites is focused on the use of biopolymers and natural fillers to develop the so-called "green composites" [5]. Over the last years, a wide range of biodegradable polymers derived from both natural and petrochemical sources have been studied, which undergo hydrolytic or enzymatic decomposition by interaction with microorganisms in compost conditions [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Compatibilization Strategies to Improve the Performance of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces Made of Polylactide Reinforced with Short Flaxseed Fibers

et al. 2020

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Green composites made of polylactide (PLA) and short flaxseed fibers (FFs) at 20 wt % were successfully compounded by twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and subsequently shaped into pieces by injection molding. The linen waste derived FFs were subjected to an alkalization pretreatment to remove impurities, improve the fiber surface quality, and make the fibers more hydrophobic. The alkali-pretreated FFs successfully reinforced PLA, leading to green composite pieces with higher mechanical strength. However, the pieces also showed lower ductility and toughness and the lignocellulosic fibers easily detached during fracture due to the absence or low interfacial adhesion with the biopolyester matrix. Therefore, four different compatibilization strategies were carried out to enhance the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. These routes consisted on the silanization of the alkalized FFs with a glycidyl silane, namely (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and the reactive extrusion (REX) with three compatibilizers, namely a multi-functional epoxy-based styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAO), a random copolymer of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA), and maleinized linseed oil (MLO). The results showed that all the here-tested compatibilizers improved mechanical strength, ductility, and toughness as well as the thermal stability and thermomechanical properties of the green composite pieces. The highest interfacial adhesion was observed in the green composite pieces containing the silanized fibers. Interestingly, PS-co-GMA and, more intensely, ESAO yielded the pieces with the highest mechanical performance due to the higher reactivity of these additives with both composite components and their chain-extension action, whereas MLO led to the most ductile pieces due to its secondary role as plasticizer for PLA.

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“…The authors reported that the DOM had a tremendous effect on the interfacial compatibility of the composite material and thus the tensile of the ensuing composite material was improved remarkably. Furthermore, isocyanate has also been used effectively for surface modification of fibers to improve their interaction with thermoplastics to obtain superior mechanical properties . The main reason for this result was that the functional group of isocyanate which is ─NCO could actively react with hydroxyl group (─OH) to form strong covalent bonds which contributed to improving the compatibility of the composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, isocyanate has also been used effectively for surface modification of fibers to improve their interaction with thermoplastics to obtain superior mechanical properties. [11] The main reason for this result was that the functional group of isocyanate which is ─NCO could actively react with hydroxyl group (─OH) to form strong covalent bonds which contributed to improving the compatibility of the composites. [12] Similarly, a compatibilizer with functional group of ─NCO can also actively react with the ─OH in starch [13] to offer improved compatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Compatible Starch‐PCL Composites: Effects of the NCO Functionality in Compatibilizer

et al. 2020

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As is well known, poor interfacial interactions between hydrophilic corn starch (CS) and hydrophobic thermoplastic matrices have been an obstacle in application of the quality biomass material like CS. The addition of compatibilizers is an effective method to improve the interface interaction. In this work, a special interficial structure using polyurethane crosslinked layer as compatible interface is designed and compatibilizers with different NCO functionality are also applied. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of compatibilizers with different NCO functionality (f, f = 0, 1, 2, 3) on the compatibility of corn starch‐polycaprolactone (CS‐PCL) composites. Subsequently, various CS‐PCL composites are prepared using compatiblizers with different NCO functionality (f = 0, 1, 2, 3) via melting process. The structural analysis, mechanical properties, and water absorption capability as well as the thermal stability of the composites reveal that the properties of the composites are only enhanced significantly when the NCO functionality is no less than 2. In short, when f ≥ 2, a crosslinked layer could be formed at the interface of the composite to afford a compatible CS‐PCL composite.

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Potential biodegradable matrices and fiber treatment for green composites: A review

Cited by 48 publications

References 71 publications

A review on the extraction of pineapple, sisal and abaca fibers and their use as reinforcement in polymer matrix

A review on the extraction of pineapple, sisal and abaca fibers and their use as reinforcement in polymer matrix

Evaluation of Different Compatibilization Strategies to Improve the Performance of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces Made of Polylactide Reinforced with Short Flaxseed Fibers

Preparation and Properties of Compatible Starch‐PCL Composites: Effects of the NCO Functionality in Compatibilizer

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