Potent Inactivation of Human Respiratory Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2 by a Photoactivated Self-Cleaning Regenerative Antiviral Coating

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic marks an inflection point in the perception and treatment of human health. Substantial resources have been reallocated to address the direct medical effects of COVID-19 and to curtail the spread of the virus. Thereby, shortcomings of traditional disinfectants, especially their requirement for regular reapplication and the related complications (e.g., dedicated personnel and short-term activity), have become issues at the forefront of public health concerns. This issue became especially pressing when infection-mitigating supplies dwindled early in the progression of the pandemic. In consideration of the constant threat posed by emerging novel viruses, we report a platform technology for persistent surface disinfection to combat virus transmission through nanomaterial-mediated, localized UV radiation emission. In this work, two formulations of Y2SiO5-based visible-to-UV upconversion nanomaterials were developed using a facile sol–gel-based synthesis. Our formulations have shown substantial antiviral activities (4 × 104 to 0 TCID50 units in 30 min) toward an enveloped, circulating human coronavirus strain (OC43) under simple white light exposure as an analogue to natural light or common indoor lighting. Additionally, we have shown that our two formulations greatly reduce OC43 RNA recovery from surfaces. Antiviral activities were further demonstrated toward a panel of structurally diverse viruses including enveloped viruses, SARS-CoV-2, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, parainfluenza virus, and Zika virus, as well as nonenveloped viruses, rhinovirus, and calicivirus, as evidence of the technology’s broad antiviral activity. Remarkably, one formulation completely inactivated 105 infectious units of SARS-CoV-2 in only 45 min. The detailed technology has implications for the design of more potent, long-lived disinfectants and modified/surface-treated personal protective equipment targeting a wide range of viruses.

Enhanced biocidal activity of Pr3+ doped yttrium silicates by Tm3+ and Yb3+ co-doping

“…The proposed approach could be utilized for perpetual light-triggered sterilization at healthcare facilities (e.g., hospital rooms and operating theaters), which is crucial in the fight with multidrug resistant superbacteriaone of the challenges modern medicine is nowadays struggling with. 28 The proof-of-concept experiments have already been reported: regenerative, anti-viral coatings for various types of surfaces 29 demonstrate the enveloped virus deactivation. The 447 nm laser diode excitation was used for S. aureus bacterial solution inactivation with Pr 3+ doped SrSiO 3 powders, 30 S1 for the exact amounts of chemicals used, ESI †).…”

Preparation of Highly Stable and Cost-Efficient Antiviral Materials for Reducing Infections and Avoiding the Transmission of Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2

“…Antiviral surface material treatments can have two effects: reduce or directly avoid these hazards. Self-cleaning materials in which virus particles are directly inactivated when they are in contact with the material is highly desired. , …”

“…Self-cleaning materials in which virus particles are directly inactivated when they are in contact with the material is highly desired. 10,11 In particular, the development of active-virucidal fabrics or paints represents a very important challenge regarding their multiple applications in hospitals, public transports, or schools.…”