Potencial antagonista e controle in vitro de Alternaria solani por fungos sapróbios

Abstract

Alternaria solani, agente etiológico da pinta preta, é considerado um fitopatógeno de grande impacto econômico na cultura do tomate, gerando grandes prejuízos aos agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial antagonista por confronto direto, produção de voláteis e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de filtrado de fungos sapróbios contra A. ABSTRACTAlternaria solani, the etiological agent of early blight, is considered a phytopathogen of great economic impact on tomato crop, causing great losses to farmers. The aim of this study was to assess the antagonistic potential for direct confrontation, the production of volatile compounds and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of saprobic fungal filtrate against A. solani. Thus, the phytopathogen A. solani was confronted with the saprobic fungi Volutella minima, Memnoniella echinata, M. levispora, Curvularia eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, Gonytrichum chlamydosporium, G. macrocladum, Pseudobotrytis terrestris, Pithomyces chartarum, Lappodochium lageniforme, Dictyochaeta simplex, Stachybotrys nephrosfora and S. globosa, to observe inhibition zone formation and aggressiveness of the fungi according to a score scale. The phytopathogen growth was also evaluated at the concentration of 20% to select the saprobe filtrate with antimicrobial activity. Subsequently, the Solino, A.J.S.; Oliveira, J.B.S.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Marianna Santos Rodrigues Alencar, Ribeiro, L.M. Antagonistic potential and in vitro control of Alternaria solani by saprobic fungi. Summa Phytopathologica, v.43, n.3, p.199-204, 2017. selected saprobe filtrates were studied at the concentrations of 5; 10; 15 and 20%, evaluating the mycelial growth of A. solani. The saprobes L. lageniforme and G. macrocladum showed greater mycelial growth, compared to A. solani, at seven days after transferring the phytopathogen. At 15 days, only L. lageniforme contained the pathogen. In the direct confrontation test, the fungi L. lageniforme and G. macrocladum occupied a larger area on the Petri dish, in contrast to the pathogen. The fungal filtrates G. macrocladum, C. inaequalis, P. terretris, S. globosa and C. eragrostidis, at a concentration of 20%, promoted a reduction in the mycelial growth of A. solani by 34, 21, 19, 10 and 10%, respectively. Analyzing the effect of the filtrate concentrations on the mycelial growth of A. solani, dose-dependence was observed in all treatments, with maximum growth inhibition for filtrates of G. macrocladum, C. inaequalis, P. terretris, S. globosa and C. eragrostidis, respectively, at the concentration of 20%.Keywords: biological control, antimicrobial activity, plant pathogen.Os cultivos agrícolas estão sujeitos a diversas doenças causadas por uma ampla gama de fitopatógenos (12). As alternarioses são doenças fúngicas causadas pelas espécies do gênero Alternaria que estão amplamente distribuídas no mundo, infectando principalmente hortaliças (22). A pinta preta, causada por Alternaria solani, é considerada uma doença de grande importância econômica nas culturas d...

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