Postural Control and Age

Hytönen, Malta; Pyykkö, Ilmari; Aalto, Heikki; Starck, Jukka

doi:10.3109/00016489309135778

Cited by 169 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Much of our knowledge about the relationship between vision and balance has been obtained largely by comparing eyes open and closed conditions, and observing the effects upon body sway (Uchida et al 1979;Hytonen et al 1993;Fujita et al 2005;Rougier and Garin 2006;Guerraz and Bronstein 2008;Uchiyama and Demura 2008). While it has been shown that older adults sway more in response to unexpected eye-movements (Speers et al 2002;van Wegen et al 2002;Monzani et al 2005), the relationship between postural configuration and eyemovement behaviour is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

et al. 2016

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When a single light cue is given in the visual field, our eyes orient towards it with an average latency of 200 ms. If a second cue is presented at or around the time of the response to the first, a secondary eye movement occurs that represents a re-orientation to the new target. While studies have shown that eye movement latencies to 'single-step' targets may or may not be lengthened with age, secondary eye-movements (during 'double-step' displacements) are significantly delayed with increasing age. The aim of this study was to investigate if the postural challenge posed simply by standing (as opposed to sitting) results in significantly longer eye movement latencies in older adults compared to the young. Ten young (<35 years) and 10 older healthy adults (>65 years) participated in the study. They were required to fixate upon a central target and move their eyes in response to 2 types of stimuli: 1) a single-step perturbation of target position either 15º to the right or left, and 2) a double-step target displacement incorporating an initial target jump to the right or left by 15º, followed after 200 ms, by a shift of target position to the opposite side (e.g., +15º then -15º). All target displacement conditions were executed in sit and stand positions with the participant at the same distance from the targets. Eye movements were recorded using electro-oculography. Older adults did not show significantly longer eye movement latencies than the younger adults for single-step target displacements, and postural configuration (stand compared to sit) had no effect upon latencies for either group. We categorised double-step trials into those during which the second light changed after or before the onset of the eye shift to the first light. For the former category, young participants showed faster secondary eye shifts to the second light in the standing position, while the older adults did not. For the latter category of double-step trial, young participants showed no significant difference between sit and stand secondary eye movement latencies, but older adults were significantly longer standing compared to sitting. The older adults were significantly longer than the younger adults across both postural conditions, regardless of when the second light change occurred during the eye shift to the first light. We suggest that older adults require greater time and perhaps attentional processes to execute eye movements to unexpected changes of target position when faced with the need to maintain standing balance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

et al. 2016

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“…Giorgetti and colleagues 9) reported that FR may be a useful balance indicator in both healthy and impaired elderly subjects. SLS was adopted in this study to equalize the measurement conditions, shutting out visual information 17) . It has been incorporated into the Japanese standard of physical fitness by the Laboratory of Physical Fitness Standards 23) , and is considered to be highly reliable as a normal value of the balance function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Aging on Balance Function in Terms of the Foot Electromyographic Reaction Time

Fukuda

2012

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract. [Purpose] This study examined the influence of aging on balance function through the reaction time of the ankle joint muscles.[Methods] Forty-nine subjects were classified into 3 age groups: aged 20 to 30 (group Y, 19 subjects); aged 60 to 74 (YO, 12); and over 75 (OO,18). Functional reach (FR), single-leg standing with eyes closed (SLS), and plantar flexor strength, were measured. For the electromyogram responses, reaction time (RT), premotor time (PMT), motor time (MT) and anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) were evaluated.[Results] Significant differences in FR and SLS were observed between Y and YO, and OO. In the standing position, significant differences in PMT were observed between Y and OO, and in MT among all age groups. For the APAs, significant differences were observed between Y and OO, and in the strength between Y and YO, and OO. Balance items appeared to correlate with the reaction time in the standing position.[Conclusion] The results of this study verify that the balance function declines with age. We demonstrated that a delay in central processing and slower muscle contractions are key factors in the age-related decline of the balance function.

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“…From the literature [25][26][27][28], one can report that the stability of an individual deceases after 60 years old. When using the mPCA on rambling, two groups can be distinguished which is particularly interesting and promising.…”

Section: Age Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete wavelet and modified PCA decompositions for postural stability analysis in biometric applications

Maatar¹,

Fournier²,

Lachiri³

et al. 2011

JBiSE

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The aim of this study is to compare the Discrete wavelet decomposition and the modified Principal Analysis Component (PCA) decomposition to analyze the stabilogram for the purpose to provide a new insight about human postural stability. Discrete wavelet analysis is used to decompose the stabilogram into several timescale components (i.e. detail wavelet coefficients and approximation wavelet coefficients). Whereas, the modified PCA decomposition is applied to decompose the stabilogram into three components, namely: trend, rambling and trembling. Based on the modified PCA analysis, the trace of analytic trembling and rambling in the complex plan highlights a unique rotation center. The same property is found when considering the detail wavelet coefficients. Based on this property, the area of the circle in which 95% of the trace's data points are located, is extracted to provide important information about the postural equilibrium status of healthy subjects (average age 31 ± 11 years). Based on experimental results, this parameter seems to be a valuable parameter in order to highlight the effect of visual entries, stabilogram direction, gender and age on the postural stability. Obtained results show also that wavelets and the modified PCA decomposition can discriminate the subjects by gender which is particularly interesting in biometric applications and human stability simulation. Moreover, both techniques highlight the fact that male are less stable than female and the fact that there is no correlation between human stability and his age (under 60).

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Postural Control and Age

Cited by 169 publications

References 20 publications

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

The Influence of Aging on Balance Function in Terms of the Foot Electromyographic Reaction Time

Discrete wavelet and modified PCA decompositions for postural stability analysis in biometric applications

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