Postoperative Inflammatory Reactions to Intraocular Lenses Sterilized with Ethylene-Oxide

Stark, Walter J.; Rosenblum, Paul; Maumenee, A. Edward; Cowan, Claude L.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35220-2

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It also is not certain whether ethylene oxide absorbed by the IOL as a result of ethylene oxide ster ilization [8] is actually capable of causing such inflammatory processes; the previously cited experiences of Boyaner and Solomon [2] and Starck et al [9] point to this possibil ity in any case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing the Amount of Monomers in Intraocular Lenses through Sterilization by Gamma Radiation

Ludwig

Scheiffarth

Meyer³

1988

Ophthalmic Res

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Sterile inflammatory reactions of varying degrees are a rare, but not uncommon, complication after intraocular lens implantation. At present we still do not know the cause of these processes, but we consider two chemical substances contained in the lens at least as risk factors for them: monomeric methyl methacrylate, which is present in any lens made from polymethyl methacrylate (Perspex), and ethylene oxide, an extremely toxic agent, which is absorbed by the lens during sterilization with this gas. Gas chromatographic investigations show that under sterilization of intraocular lenses by ⁶⁰Co radiation the amount of monomeric methyl methacrylate in the lens can be reduced drastically. Also, any contamination of the lens by ethylene oxide is avoided. Therefore, at least two important arguments speak in favor of this alternative sterilization technique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incentive for the investigations at that time had been provided by indications from Starck et al [9] and Boyaner and Solomon [2] of increased incidence of inflammatory reactions following implantation of those IOL brands sterilized with ethylene oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Amount of Monomers in Intraocular Lenses through Sterilization by Gamma Radiation

Ludwig

Scheiffarth

Meyer³

1988

Ophthalmic Res

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“…ETO gas, while commonly used for medical device sterilization, might not be appropriate for whole organ scaffolds. It has been suggested that medical devices with long luminal structure may hinder the degas step of ETO sterilization (Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008) that removes the harmful residual ETO molecules . Thus, the presence of the luminal vasculature within organ scaffolds might also reduce the effectiveness of the degas step.…”

Section: Whole Liver Decellularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole liver engineering: A promising approach to develop functional liver surrogates

Meng

Assiri

Dhar

et al. 2017

Liver International

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Liver donor shortage remains the biggest challenge for patients with end-stage liver failures. While bioartificial liver devices have been developed as temporary supports for patients waiting for transplantation, their applications have been limited clinically.Whole liver engineering is a biological scaffold based regenerative medicine approach that holds promise for developing functional liver surrogates. Significant advancements have been made since the first report in 2010. This review focuses on the recent achievements of whole liver engineering studies. K E Y W O R D Sdecellularization, endothelialization, recellularization, transplantation, whole liver engineering | INTRODUCTIONLiver is the largest internal organ responsible for important physiological functions, including vitamin storage, protein synthesis and detoxification. For patients with end-stage liver failures, that are often associated with hepatitis, bile duct-related diseases or liver cancers, liver transplantation has become the golden treatment. It provides better quality of life and cost effectiveness. The 5-year survival rate following liver transplantation is above 70%. However, the number of patients who needs a transplant still exceeds available donors. In the USA alone, it was reported that more than 16 000 patients need transplantation yearly but only 6000 liver transplantations are performed due to shortage of suitable donors.1 According to US Department of Health and Human Services, the shortage of eligible donors results in 18 deaths every day. There is a need for innovative approaches to develop functional liver surrogates for end-stage liver failure patients.Bioartificial liver devices (BAL) have been developed to temporarily function as surrogates for patients waiting for liver transplants. The BAL systems are extracorporeal, which consist of an artificial component (ie, the bioreactor) and a biological component (ie, hepatocytes).BAL systems have significantly prolonged the animal survival rate in preclinical studies and also have been applied in clinical trials. 2,3However, currently there are no strong evidence supporting the survival benefits of patients utilizing these devices and the incapability to prolong hepatocyte functions has limited their applications clinically. Figure 1 shows the concept of biological scaffold based whole liver engineering. | BioreactorBioreactors are designed to mimic the in vivo physiological environment such that an optimal growth condition is created for cells to repopulate the whole organ scaffolds. Several key components are required to build an appropriate bioreactor, including nutrient/waste exchange, temperature control, gas supply, real time monitoring of biomolecules of interest and organ-type specific stimuli. For example, the presence of air-liquid interface has been shown to induce ciliogenesis in tracheal regeneration 39 and physical stimuli such as ventilation were found beneficial to recellularized lung scaffold culture. 37Identifying specific stimuli that facilitate liver...

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“…Residual chemicals from sterilisation processes,48 toxicity of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) monomers,49 and mechanical irritation of the iris and ciliary body by the intraocular lens47 50 are possible, although they are causes less frequently incriminated now than during the early use of intraocular implants. Autoimmunity to the lens cortical remnants can cause a mild to severe inflammation with hypopyon, in the absence of infection 51-53.…”

Section: Particular Forms Of Postoperative Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approach to postoperative endophthalmitis

Sunaric-Mégevand¹,

Pournaras²

1997

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Postoperative Inflammatory Reactions to Intraocular Lenses Sterilized with Ethylene-Oxide

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Reducing the Amount of Monomers in Intraocular Lenses through Sterilization by Gamma Radiation

Reducing the Amount of Monomers in Intraocular Lenses through Sterilization by Gamma Radiation

Whole liver engineering: A promising approach to develop functional liver surrogates

Current approach to postoperative endophthalmitis

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