Postexercise macronutrient oxidation: a factor dependent on postexercise macronutrient intake

Dionne, Isabelle J.; Vugt, S. Van; Tremblay, Angelo

doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.5.927

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Support for our findings is found in the studies of Burton et al (6) and Dionne et al (9). Burton et al (6) compared the effects of exercise with and without energy replacement on postprandial lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…There was no difference in total fat oxidation between conditions. These data (6,9), coupled with our findings, suggest that fat oxidation after exercise will be determined by whether the calories burned during exercise are replaced (energy balance) or not (negative energy balance) and also help to reconcile why exercise training often induces a less than expected loss of fat mass (10,35,38); if energy intake increases to compensate for the energy expended in daily exercise, then daily fat oxidation will not increase, and fat balance will be maintained.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals

Melanson

Gozansky²,

Barry³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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. When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals. J Appl Physiol 107: 1847-1856, 2009. First published October 15, 2009 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00958.2009.-Fat oxidation during exercise is increased by endurance training, and evidence suggests that fat oxidation during exercise is impaired in obesity. Thus the primary aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation and fat balance in lean sedentary [LS, n ϭ 10, body mass index (BMI) ϭ 22.5 Ϯ 6.5 kg/m 2 ], lean endurance-trained (LT, n ϭ 10, BMI ϭ 21.2 Ϯ 1.2 kg/m 2 ), and obese sedentary (OS, n ϭ 7, BMI ϭ 35.5 Ϯ 4.4 kg/m 2 ) men and women. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured under sedentary (control; CON) and exercise (EX) conditions while maintaining energy balance. During EX, subjects performed 1 h of stationary cycling at 55% of aerobic capacity. Twenty-four-hour fat oxidation did not differ on the CON or EX day in LS (43 Ϯ 9 vs. 29 Ϯ 7 g/day, respectively), LT (53 Ϯ 8 vs. 42 Ϯ 5 g/day), or OS (58 Ϯ 7 vs. 80 Ϯ 9 g/day). However, 24-h fat balance was significantly more positive on EX compared with CON (P Ͻ 0.01). Twenty-four-hour glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles were similar on the EX and CON days, but after consumption of the first meal, FFA concentrations remained below fasting levels for the remainder of the day. These data suggest that when exercise is performed with energy replacement (i.e., energy balance is maintained), 24-h fat oxidation does not increase and in fact, may be slightly decreased. It appears that the state of energy balance is an underappreciated factor determining the impact of exercise on fat oxidation. whole room calorimeter; fat oxidation; body weight regulation IMPAIRMENTS in fat metabolism contribute to the development of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. For example, reduced rates of 24-h fat oxidation [i.e., increased respiratory quotient (RQ)] have been shown to predict weight gain (39), and obese and insulin-resistant individuals have a decreased capacity to oxidize fatty acids (20). Moreover, fatty acid oxidation in isolated skeletal muscle preparations from obese individuals is lower than in muscle from lean individuals (23). Fat oxidation is increased during exercise, and endurance training promotes changes in skeletal muscle that would favor an increase in fat oxidation (19), suggesting that regular endurance exercise could induce loss of fat mass by increasing fat oxidation. It has been suggested that exercise substantially increases fat oxidation in the postexercise period (13), although this has never clearly been demonstrated.To reduce fat mass, a state of negative fat balance must be achieved (11). To achieve negative fat balance, one must alter intake or expenditure such that fat oxidation exceeds fat intake. Since fat oxidation is increased during exercise, it is generally assumed that more fat is o...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals

Melanson

Gozansky²,

Barry³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Dionne et al (9) reported no effect of a midafternoon 60-min moderateintensity exercise bout (50% V O2max) on 24-h energy expenditure in young adult males compared with a rest day under energy balance conditions. The authors attributed the absence of postexercise changes in energy expenditure to the ingestion of a snack immediately after the 60-min exercise bout (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 45-Minute Vigorous Exercise Bout Increases Metabolic Rate for 14 Hours

Knab

Shanely

Corbin

et al. 2011

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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In young male subjects, vigorous exercise for 45 min resulted in a significant elevation in postexercise energy expenditure that persisted for 14 h. The 190 kcal expended after exercise above resting levels represented an additional 37% to the net energy expended during the 45-min cycling bout. The magnitude and duration of increased energy expenditure after a 45-min bout of vigorous exercise may have implications for weight loss and management.

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“…40,41 We have also demonstrated that when carbohydrate depletion during a moderate-intensity exercise session is totally compensated in the post-exercise period, differences in post-exercise substrate oxidation are abolished. 42 Since HIES promotes a greater carbohydrate utilization, one might thus realistically infer that the increased fat oxidation observed after HIES is simply the consequence of a greater impact of this type of exercise on glycogen stores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE: Two studies were conducted to assess the potential of an increase in exercise intensity to alter energy and lipid metabolism and body fatness under conditions mimicking real life. METHODS: Study 1 was based on the comparison of adiposity markers obtained in 352 male healthy adults who participated in the Que Âbec Family Study who either regularly participated in high-intensity physical activities or did not. Study 2 was designed to determine the effects of high-intensity exercise on post-exercise post-prandial energy and lipid metabolism as well as the contribution of b-adrenergic stimulation to such differences under a real-life setting. RESULTS: Results from Study 1 showed that men who regularly take part in intense physical activities display lower fat percentage and subcutaneous adiposity than men who never perform such activities, and this was true even if the latter group reported a lower energy intake (917 kJaday, P`0.05). In Study 2, the high-intensity exercise stimulus produced a greater postexercise post-prandial oxygen consumption as well as fat oxidation than the resting session, an effect which disappeared with the addition of propranolol. In addition, the increase in post-prandial oxygen consumption observed after the high-intensity exercise session was also signi®cantly greater than that promoted by the low-intensity exercise session. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high-intensity exercise favors a lesser body fat deposition which might be related to an increase in post-exercise energy metabolism that is mediated by b-adrenergic stimulation.

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Postexercise macronutrient oxidation: a factor dependent on postexercise macronutrient intake

Abstract: Voluntary postexercise compensations in energy and macronutrient intakes play a major role in the ability of exercise to alter postexercise substrate utilization.

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals

When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals

A 45-Minute Vigorous Exercise Bout Increases Metabolic Rate for 14 Hours

Impact of high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and body fatness

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