Postconflict Reconciliation: Intergroup Forgiveness and Implicit Biases in Northern Ireland

Tam, Tania; Hewstone, Miles; Kenworthy, Jared B.; Cairns, Ed; Marinetti, Claudia; Geddes, Leo; Parkinson, Brian

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00563.x

Cited by 116 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Researchers have considered perceived threat and lack of trust as central determinants of intergroup conflict and prejudice (Dovidio, Gaertner, Kawakami, & Hodson, 2002;Stephan & Renfro, 2002;Riek et al, 2006;Tam et al, 2008). However, a growing body of research has shown that positive contact with outgroup members can reduce threat perceptions (Pettigrew, Christ, Wagner, & Stellmacher, 2007; and increase outgroup trust (Hewstone, Cairns, Voci, Hamberger, & Niens, Mediated Moderators of Extended Contact 6 2006;Tam, Hewstone, Kenworthy, & Cairns, 2009;Tausch et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Mediating Role Of Threat and Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct contact and authoritarianism as moderators between extended contact and reduced prejudice

Dhont

Hiel

2011

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

106

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Using a representative sample of Dutch adults (N = 1238), we investigated the moderating influence of direct contact and authoritarianism on the potential of extended contact to reduce prejudice. As expected, direct contact and authoritarianism moderated the effect of extended contact on prejudice. Moreover, the third-order moderation effect was also significant, revealing that extended contact has the strongest effect among high authoritarians with low levels of direct contact. We identified trust and perceived threat as the mediating processes underlying these moderation effects. The present study thus attests to the theoretical and practical relevance of reducing prejudice via extended contact. The discussion focuses on the role of extended contact in relation to direct contact and authoritarianism as well as on the importance of trust in intergroup contexts. Mediated Moderators of Extended Contact 3Direct contact and authoritarianism as moderators between extended contact and reduced prejudice: Lower threat and greater trust as mediators Originally proposed by Wright, Aron, McLaughlin-Volpe, and Ropp (1997), the extended contact hypothesis asserts that the mere fact of knowing an ingroup member who maintains close relations with an outgroup member ameliorates outgroup attitudes. During the past decade, correlational and (quasi-)experimental support for this hypothesis has increased, demonstrating that people who witness friendships between in-and outgroup members report lower levels of outgroup prejudice than those without extended contact experiences (Paolini,

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Section: The Mediating Role Of Threat and Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct contact and authoritarianism as moderators between extended contact and reduced prejudice

Dhont

Hiel

2011

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

106

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“…Intergroup contact, under the appropriate conditions, may increase positive intergroup emotions and enhanced empathy, as well as reduce negative emotions such as anxiety (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006Tam et al, 2008). Contact improves intergroup relations by enhancing knowledge about the out-group and reducing perceived threat and apprehension regarding meeting members of the other group.…”

Section: Contact Between Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Principles for Promoting Intergroup Empathy in Online Environments

Shapira

Kupermintz

Kali

2016

IJELL

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This study examined a professional development program designed to support Civics teachers in their efforts to promote empathy among Israeli Jewish students towards Israeli Arabs. The design rationale for the program is that teachers should experience empathic processes themselves before supporting their students in such an endeavor and that meaningful empathic processes can occur online if activities are properly designed. All phases of the program were designed to support teachers to participate as part of an online community of practice. Sixty Jewish teachers participated in two iterations of the design study. Refinements were made in the second iteration to provide teachers with explicit definitions of empathy and specific instructions for reflection. Findings indicate that these changes were reflected in higher degrees of empathic responses among teachers. Teachers also indicated that being a part of an online learning community contributed to the learning process they experienced during the program. We interpret this as a first step in enabling teachers to assist their students to develop a more empathetic approach toward the minority group and conclude with a discussion of recommended design principles for promoting such an approach.

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“…Selected mainstream intergroup frameworks currently exist, for example intergroup emotions (e.g. Mackie & Smith, 2002) and intergroup forgiveness (Moeschberger, Dixon, Niens, & Cairns, 2005;Tam, et al, 2008Tam, et al, , 2007Philpot & Hornsey, 2008), that certainly could prove to be relevant for the promotion of peaceful coexistence. Future studies could unveil not only how narrative templates of historical intergroup transgressions within the Hindutva ideology implicate adverse intergroup emotions, but also if and how these could be reduced by intergroup forgiveness.…”

Section: Development and Operationalisation Of Context-sensitive Measmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Are We Going? Perspective on Hindu–Muslim Relations in India

Khan

Sen

2009

Peace Psychology in Asia

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The twin issues of making peace and building it over time, which are very much at the forefront of social concerns in contemporary India, remain a major source of worry and require a thoughtful understanding. The lack of effort that has been dedicated towards the development of a systematic understanding of the psychological dynamics underpinning intergroup hostility and violence between Hindus and Muslims in India is disappointing to say the least. While elaborate analyses and accounts of these intergroup dynamics have emerged from academic disciplines such as sociology, political science, economics and history (e.g. Basu, Datta, Sarkar, Sarkar, & Sen, 1993;Brass, 2003;Engineer, 1995;Lal, 2003b; Ludden, 2005;Pandey, 1991;Varshney, 2002;Wilkinson, 2004), psychological theory and research with some predictive validity have been slow to emerge (Ghosh & Kumar, 1991;Hutnik, 2004;Kakar, 1996;Nandy, 1990;Singh, 1989). This brings to the forefront a couple of basic queries: (a) how can the discipline of psychology contribute towards the current understanding of intergroup dynamics in India and (b) can psychological theory and research translate into knowledge and action to promote peaceful coexistence in applied contexts?The objective of this chapter is to address these two questions which comprise the core of our account. We will begin this endeavour by briefly reviewing theoretical and empirical paradigms that have been explored previously. These will then be juxtaposed against the historical, social and political contexts of Hindu-Muslim relations in India to elucidate those issues that have been adequately investigated, but most importantly, those issues that need further elaboration and inquiry. Before embarking upon this assessment, we will provide a brief outline of the historical, political and social contexts of Hindu-Muslim relations in India. We maintain that for analysing socially meaningful phenomena it is necessary to depart from the habitually close confines of psychology's argumentation and to include historical, cultural, social and political perspectives in analysis and theorising (Valsiner, 2001). Consequently, this chapter aims to gather insights from other disciplines and integrate them with psychological understanding in order to help augment the psychology of peace and conflict resolution. 43 C

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Postconflict Reconciliation: Intergroup Forgiveness and Implicit Biases in Northern Ireland

Abstract: Even after a conflict has formally ended, there is still a need for postconflict reconciliation and the building of mutual forgiveness and trust between communities.

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Direct contact and authoritarianism as moderators between extended contact and reduced prejudice

Direct contact and authoritarianism as moderators between extended contact and reduced prejudice

Design Principles for Promoting Intergroup Empathy in Online Environments

Where Are We Going? Perspective on Hindu–Muslim Relations in India

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