Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: The Potential Role of Exercise Therapy in Treating Patients and Athletes Returning to Play

Cavigli, Luna; Fusi, Chiara; Focardi, Marta; Mandoli, Giulia Elena; Pastore, María; Cameli, Matteo; Valente, Serafina; Zorzi, Alessandro; Bonifazi, Marco; D’Andrea, Antonello; D’Ascenzi, Flavio

doi:10.3390/jcm12010288

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Frequency is the number of sessions/week; Intensity is the rate of energy expenditure during exercise; Time represents the duration of a training program in weeks, training session times/day, and duration of training sessions in hours; Type of exercise includes endurance training (running, cycling, swimming, walking, etc. ), strength or resistance training, respiratory, flexibility, and balance exercises 6 , 29 ; Volume indicates the total amount of exercise per week while Progression how is the program advanced.…”

Section: Preparticipation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports cardiology: A glorious past, a well‐defined present, a bright future

D'Ascenzi,

Ragazzoni,

Boncompagni

et al. 2023

Clinical Cardiology

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The attention towards sports cardiology has dramatically grown after the introduction of the pre participation screening (PPS) and the need for specific education on ECG interpretation in athletes, given the differences between athletes and the general population. The present article stresses the need for specific skills, knowledge, and clinical expertise in sports cardiology, which are essential for appropriately screening competitive athletes to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) and avoid overdiagnosis. However, disqualification from sports competitions may lead to sports inactivity, and athletes may enter a grey zone where little or no information is provided about what they can or cannot do to stay active. However, modern sports cardiology cannot neglect the patient's needs and the importance of the safe practice of regular exercise. In this context, the personalized exercise prescription plays a crucial role in the core curriculum and the clinical activity of professionals involved in sports cardiology programs. Given its specificities, sports cardiology requires a formal education plan for medical school students and all residents. Additional education and practice are required for young colleagues who want to focus their professional lives on sports cardiology. The future directions of emerging modern sports cardiology should not neglect the importance of a scientific community that works together, designing multicenter international outcomes‐based research to address the many remaining areas of uncertainty.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Preparticipation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports cardiology: A glorious past, a well‐defined present, a bright future

D'Ascenzi,

Ragazzoni,

Boncompagni

et al. 2023

Clinical Cardiology

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“…As COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease, complications of the infection may involve any system, although the involvement of the respiratory tract is predominant. The acute infection can last 2-3 weeks depending on clinical severity presentation; however, many patients may present symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks [8][9][10][11]. This syndrome is defined differently as Long-COVID Syndrome ('Long-COVID' in the United Kingdom or 'long-haulers' in the United States), post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), or post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength Testing in Military Subjects According to the Period of Infection: Cross-Sectional Study

Ora

Rogliani

Ferrón³

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Background: Pulmonary function can be impaired as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged military outpatients according during the period of infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to November 2022 at the Military Hospital “Celio” (Rome, Italy). If someone had a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection certified by molecular nasal swab and if they performed pulmonary function tests, diffusion of carbon monoxide (DL’co), a six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), a Handgrip (HG) Test, and a One Minute Sit to Stand Test (1′STST). The included subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, according to the period of infection: A) from March 2020 to August 2021 and B) from September 2021 to October 2022. Results: One hundred fifty-three subjects were included in the study: 79 in Group A and 74 in Group B. Although the values were within the normal range, Group A had smaller FVC, FEV1, and DL’co compared to Group B. Group A also walked a shorter distance at the 6MWT and performed fewer repetitions in the 1′STS test compared to Group B. In both groups, the DL’co (%predicted) correlated with the 6MWT distance (R2 = 0.107, p < 0.001), the number of repetitions of the 1′STST (R2 = 0.086, p = 0.001), and the strength at the HG test (R2 = 0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that the SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy middle-aged military outpatients was more severe in the first waves than in the later ones and that, in healthy and physically fit individuals, even a marginal reduction in resting respiratory test values can have a major impact on exercise tolerance and muscles strength. Moreover, it shows that those infected more recently had symptoms related to the upper respiratory tract infection compared to those of the first waves.

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“…Athletes also experience post-COVID-19, including reporting fatigue, dyspnea, intolerance to physical activity, and impaired functional function that interferes with daily activities (Cavigli et al, 2023). Some athletes have Dian Listiarini, BM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effects of concurrent and breathing exercises on the pulmonary function in post-covid-19 syndrome women

Listiarini

Kushartanti

Arovah

2023

SPORTIF

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The incidence of persistent respiratory symptoms after acute post-COVID-19 infections, referred to as post-COVID-19 syndrome, is high. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and the acute effects of the combination of aerobic, strength and breathing exercises on pulmonary function and oxygen saturation among women post-COVID-19. This study involved 36 women post-COVID-19, with a mean age of 34.4±9.1 years, in a 45-minute aerobic, strength, and breathing exercise with an intensity of 65-75% maximum heart rate. The pulmonary function was measured with spirometry, while oxygen saturation was measured with an oximeter. These measurements were taken pre and post-exercise. Feasibility was determined as participants’ ability to complete the exercise and the incidence of adverse effects. A pair-t-test and effect size were assessed to estimate the acute effects of the exercise on Cohen’s d estimation. All patients complied, and no adverse events were reported, thus, supporting the feasibility of the exercise protocol. There was an increase in most post-exercise pulmonary function and oxygen saturation compared to pre-exercise (p <.001 to 0.03), with effect sizes ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, indicating medium to large effects of the exercise program on pulmonary functions and oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the combination of aerobic, strength, and breathing exercises is feasible and safe for women post-COVID-19 and potentially improves most pulmonary functions. Further research is recommended to evaluate the longer adaptation of the exercise on the pulmonary function in post-COVID-19.

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Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: The Potential Role of Exercise Therapy in Treating Patients and Athletes Returning to Play

Cited by 8 publications

References 80 publications

Sports cardiology: A glorious past, a well‐defined present, a bright future

Sports cardiology: A glorious past, a well‐defined present, a bright future

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength Testing in Military Subjects According to the Period of Infection: Cross-Sectional Study

The acute effects of concurrent and breathing exercises on the pulmonary function in post-covid-19 syndrome women

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