Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Kahalon, Rotem; Shnabel, Nurit; Becker, Julia C.

doi:10.1111/bjso.12240

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Therefore, the results have shown that women have higher mean scores in emotional coping style than men and that men have higher mean scores in rational and detachment coping styles than women, this difference could be due to the internalization of gender stereotypes that associate men with reason and women with emotion. Despite the fact that such stereotypes portray women and men as opposites and complementary [ 60 ], with the exception of detachment coping style, the significant predictors of psychological distress were practically identical for women and men, suggesting that they both react in a very similar way in terms of psychological distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis

Matud

Díaz

Bethencourt

et al. 2020

JCM

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Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, minor daily hassles, emotional coping style and social support, whereas men scored higher than women in rational and detachment coping styles and in self-esteem. Psychological distress was significantly predicted in women and men by high emotional coping style, lower self-esteem, high number of life events, and less social support. Another statistically significant predictor in men was less detachment coping style, whereas in women it was high chronic stress. The results of this research are relevant to healthcare professionals interested in improving the mental health of the emerging adult.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis

Matud

Díaz

Bethencourt

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Such differences are congruent with gender stereotypes and traditional socialization patterns. In this sense, agency is central to men, who are characterized by focusing on the self and orient towards independence and the achievement of personal goals; communion is central to women, more oriented to other people and toward forming connections [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress and Social Functioning in Elderly Spanish People: A Gender Analysis

García

2019

IJERPH

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Psychological distress has been considered a key component in the psychosocial functioning and functional disability of the elderly, but the determining factors of social functioning and psychological distress in the elderly people are not yet fully known. The aim of this study is to perform a gender analysis of the relevance of psychological distress and psychosocial factors in the social functioning of the elderly. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 589 men and 684 women from the general Spanish population aged between 65 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, social functioning, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Results: Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, emotional coping and instrumental social support, whereas men scored higher than women in self-esteem and rational coping. Psychological distress was significantly associated in women and men with worse social functioning, which was also lower in older people and in women with lower self-esteem. Psychological distress has a considerable impact on the social functioning of the elderly, and gender is a relevant factor in the psychological distress experienced and its predictors.

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“…Despite the changes that have taken place in Western societies, which highlight women’s access to higher education and participation in the workforce, gender stereotypes still persist [12]. Gender stereotypes characterize men and women as complementary: women are perceived to be communal but not agentic whereas men are perceived to be agentic but not communal [13]. Such stereotypes do not only describe typical differences between women and men, as they also prescribe what and how they should behave, to the point of influencing on the way women and men define themselves and are treated by others [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Gender and Social Support in Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Spanish People

Matud

García

Fortes

2019

IJERPH

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Background: Gender and social support are important social determinants of health, but the relevance of such variables in older people’s health has raised less scholarly attention than in younger age groups. This study examines the relevance of gender and social support in the self-rated health and life satisfaction of elderly Spanish people. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 702 men and 754 women aged between 60 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires that assess gender role traits, social support, and life satisfaction. Results: Men scored higher than women in masculine/instrumental trait and in life satisfaction whereas women scored higher than men in feminine/expressive trait. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that women and men presenting higher social support had better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. High scores in masculine/instrumental trait also proved to be an important predictor of men’s and women’s high life satisfaction and of women’s better self-rated health, whereas the high feminine/expressive trait predicted better self-rated health in the men group. A high educational level was associated in the women’s group with better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. Conclusions: We conclude that gender and social support are important social determinants of health among older people.

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Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Cited by 35 publications

References 79 publications

Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis

Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis

Psychological Distress and Social Functioning in Elderly Spanish People: A Gender Analysis

Relevance of Gender and Social Support in Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Spanish People

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