Positive Effects of Terrorism and Posttraumatic Growth: An Individual and Community Perspective

Vázquez, Carmelo; Pérez–Sales, Pau; Hervás, Gonzalo

doi:10.1002/9781118269718.ch4

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…While heightened anxiety and trauma appear to be a disadvantage for emotional well-being, it is reasonable to think that perhaps individuals who are more anxious about their self and others' well-being will also experience more empathy for others. A phenomenon known as "post-traumatic growth" describes heightened optimistic feelings, prosocial behavior, and trust for the humanity after traumatic events such as terroristic attacks (52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality, Empathy, and Mood During the Isolation Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Canadian Population: Females and Women Suffered the Most

Guadagni

Umilta

Iaria

2020

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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Objective: To investigate the sex and gender differences in the impact of the isolation period implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' sleep quality, empathy, and mood. Design: Data were collected between March 23 and June 7, 2020 on a sample of volunteers in the Canadian population. Six hundred and thirty-eight volunteers completed an online survey (∼30 min). Main Outcome and Measures: We first examined biological sex, gender, and sexual identity differences (both components of the ampler concept of gender) in sleep, empathy, and mood disturbances. Then, we assessed changes in sleep and mood over the course of the isolation period and tested for significant relationships between sleep variables, mood, and empathy. Results: We analyzed complete data for 573 participants (112 males and 459 females, 2 undisclosed, mean ± SD age = 25.9 ± 10.5 years, mean ± SD education = 16.2 ± 2.9 years). As compared to males, female participants reported lower quality of sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and greater symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and trauma. In addition, females reported higher scores than males on the IRI empathy scale and all its subcomponents. Similar results were found when stratifying by gender. Sleep and mood disturbances increased over the course of the isolation period in the whole sample. The most significant predictors of poor quality of sleep and insomnia were depression, anxiety, and trauma scores, especially in females; higher empathy trait was associated with higher depression, anxiety, and trauma scores, perhaps indicating a more positive role of fear and anxiety responses to the pandemic crisis. Significance and Conclusions: Sex and gender differences seem to play a role in the individuals' psychological and behavioral reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. These differences need to be considered in planning targeted psychological interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality, Empathy, and Mood During the Isolation Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Canadian Population: Females and Women Suffered the Most

Guadagni

Umilta

Iaria

2020

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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“…It has been shown that a variety of positive emotions can be experienced in the immediate aftermath of stressful events such as a devastating earthquake (Vázquez et al 2005), a massive terrorist attack (Vázquez & Hervas 2010), or in the first 72 hours after a myocardial infarction (Castilla & Vázquez 2011). These findings reveal that even in highly aversive situations, positive appraisal processes may be more common than expected, and also that they may emerge during the events (Vázquez et al 2008).…”

Section: Carmelo Vázquezmentioning

confidence: 96%

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Kalisch¹,

Müller²,

2014

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The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that protect against stress-related mental illness. Focusing on resilience rather than pathophysiology in many ways represents a paradigm shift in clinical-psychological and psychiatric research that has great potential for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. More recently, research into resilience also arrived in the neurobiological community, posing nontrivial questions about ecological validity and translatability. Drawing on concepts and findings from transdiagnostic psychiatry, emotion research, and behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a unified theoretical framework for the neuroscientific study of general resilience mechanisms. The framework is applicable to both animal and human research and supports the design and interpretation of translational studies. The theory emphasizes the causal role of stimulus appraisal (evaluation) processes in the generation of emotional responses, including responses to potential stressors. On this basis, it posits that a positive (non-negative) appraisal style is the key mechanism that protects against the detrimental effects of stress and mediates the effects of other known resilience factors. Appraisal style is shaped by three classes of cognitive processes--positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition--that can be investigated at the neural level. Prospects for the future development of resilience research are discussed.

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“…A few potential mechanisms for this may exist. First, experiences of stressful events have been linked to team members’ development of positive emotions toward one another (e.g., Vázquez, Pérez‐Sales, & Hervás, ). According to the effort justification component of cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, ), it is plausible that extra effort expended to cope with stressors presented to one's workgroup may result in increased liking of the workgroup to reduce cognitive dissonance.…”

Section: The Ropes Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Roped In: Group Cohesion, Trust, and Efficacy Following a Ropes Course Intervention

Eatough

Chang²,

Hall

2015

Perf Improvement Qrtly

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The aim of this study was to explore the potential beneficial workgroup outcomes of a ropes course challenge intervention. Using three distinct samples (a military group, a medical facility workgroup, and a utility company workgroup), this study explored the systematic individual and group‐oriented outcomes achieved. Significant changes in group cohesion, group member trust, and group‐efficacy were found post‐ropes course intervention in all three samples. Two of the three samples additionally demonstrated improvement in employees’ self‐efficacy. Sample 3 examined trait coping style and demonstrated that employee social support coping predicted degree of change in group cohesion, but in an unexpected direction. Taken together, results suggest experiencing a ropes course challenge may foster improvement in group member trust, group‐ and self‐efficacy, and group cohesion—especially for individuals who are unaccustomed to seeking social support under stress. The potential gains of ropes course challenge interventions for workgroups may have been previously underestimated.

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Positive Effects of Terrorism and Posttraumatic Growth: An Individual and Community Perspective

Abstract: We wish to thank Nansook Park and Virginia Navascues chapter and Maitane Arnoso for her invaluable help with for their help in translating this the data search.

Cited by 58 publications

References 75 publications

Sleep Quality, Empathy, and Mood During the Isolation Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Canadian Population: Females and Women Suffered the Most

Sleep Quality, Empathy, and Mood During the Isolation Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Canadian Population: Females and Women Suffered the Most

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Getting Roped In: Group Cohesion, Trust, and Efficacy Following a Ropes Course Intervention

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