Portraits of Viruses: the Picornaviruses

Melnick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1159/000149376

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…At 22 to 30 nm they, and caliciviruses, are similar in size to the VLPs seen here, and some picornaviruses and caliciviruses show similarities in replication to bivalve VLPs. In cells infected with mengovirus (Amako & Dales 1967) or poliovirus (Bienz et al 1980, 1983, Hashimoto et al 1984) large numbers of smooth membrane vesicles develop in the central region of the infected cell, resembling the SMVs reported here. Polioviral protein (Bienz et al 1980(Bienz et al , 1983 or VLPs (Hashimoto et al 1984) accumulate around these vesicles, which are part of a poliovirus replication complex (Bienz et al 1987(Bienz et al , 1992 in which viral RNA is synthesized (Bienz et al 1980(Bienz et al , 1987.…”

Section: Scallops Pecten Novaezelandiaesupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The Picornavuidae comprises the enteric viruses true of this study, and the putative VLP are the same (polioviruses, enteroviruses, echoviruses, coxsackieslze as P-glycogen (30 nm], only sllghtly larger than viruses), rhinoviruses, which are a cause of the ribosomes (15 nm) and may array along ER in a common cold, Cardiovirus, which causes encephalomanner very similar to ribosomes along rER Despite myocarditis, and aphthoviruses which cause foot-andthis, the VLPs in this study cam be distinguished from mouth disease and similar diseases (Melnick 1983). At 22 to 30 nm they, and caliciviruses, are similar in size to the VLPs seen here, and some picornaviruses and caliciviruses show similarities in replication to bivalve VLPs.…”

Section: Scallops Pecten Novaezelandiaementioning

confidence: 76%

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Virus-like particles associated with cytopathology in the digestive gland epithelium of scallops Pecten novaezelandiae and toheroa Paphies ventricosum

Pm¹,

Wesney²

1997

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Apparent replication of small DNA-negative vlrus-like particles (VLPs) is described from digestive and secretory (= basiphil) cells of scallops Pecten novaezelandiae, Reeve, 1853 and tohcroa Paphies ventricosunl (Gray, 1843) sampled during mass rnortalities, and compared w~t h apparently healthy individuals. In scallop digestive cells with putative VLPs, endocytotic and smooth membrane vesicles increased, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proliferated, and VLPs 22 to 30 nrn across were seen in an orderly array on the surfaces of the outer nuclear membrane and along ER. Proliferating ER membranes, lined with VLPs and enclosing a dense matnx, were arranged in a reticulated configuratlon. The ER cisternae dilated to form vacuolar inclusions (VI) containing elongated bodles, spherical in section, in a flocculent matrix which were ornated with VLPs arrays on the external membrane. Enclosed bodies also formed by budding of cytoplasm into the VI. In scallop secretory cells VLPs replaced ribosomes on ER, and ER cisternae dilated, but V1 seldom formed Toheroa diverticular epithelium showed similar changes, but secretory cells differed in that the outel-membrane of the nucleus and Golgi cisternae, rather than ER, proliferated. In addit~on, complete V1 were apparently not formed. The cytological changes observed in both bivalves are similar to those associated with enteroviruses (Picornaviridae) and caliciviruses. The possible role of VLPs In bivalve pathology is discussed.

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Section: Scallops Pecten Novaezelandiaesupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Scallops Pecten Novaezelandiaementioning

confidence: 76%

Virus-like particles associated with cytopathology in the digestive gland epithelium of scallops Pecten novaezelandiae and toheroa Paphies ventricosum

Pm¹,

Wesney²

1997

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…In contrast to other enteroviruses, enterovirus 70 (64,70) is spread by fomites and by direct inoculation of conjunctiva from contaminated fingers. Incubation periods are relatively short (12-72 hr).…”

Section: Properties Of the Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections with the enteroviruses-even the more virulent members of the genus-are characterized by a high proportion of subclinical manifestations (11,44,64,70,88). The clinical expressions of infection, when they do occur, range from severe and permanent paralysis, sometimes fatal, to minor undifferentiated febrile illnesses.…”

Section: Properties Of the Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the time when the nonpolio enteroviruses were first recognized, it was clear that their infections were usually subclinical. However, as experiences grew, it became evident that a great variety of illnesses were caused by these agents (70). Careful observation of symptoms reveal clinical manifestations to occur more frequently than has been generally recognized (11,44,64,70,88).…”

Section: Properties Of the Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

Melnick

1996

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The enteroviruses constitute one of the genera of the picornavirus family. The genus includes the polioviruses, the coxsackieviruses, and the echoviruses of humans, plus a number of enteroviruses of lower animals (e.g. monkeys, cattle, pigs, mice). Over 100 serotypes are recognized, of which the first to be discovered were the polioviruses. It was my good fortune to have been a scientist during the golden age of virology, when new techniques were being introduced into the field. These often led to the discovery of new viruses. This article details the isolation of the enteroviruses, their recognition as a separate genus of Picornaviridae, and my role in the process. Poliovirus, the most hazardous of the group, is almost gone from the world, but the other enteroviruses will be with us for some time. Several members of the Committee dealing with these agents-Enders, Sabin, Dalldorf, Syverton-have passed on, but the work of this Committee to which I was privileged to contribute will live long. CONTENTS

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In situ hybridization studies in hepatitis A infection

et al. 1992

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An in situ hybridization method using radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes was developed to study primary sites of hepatitis A virus replication in an experimental animal model of infection. Hepatitis A genomic sequences were demonstrated in hepatocytes of four marmosets with acute hepatitis A by use of antisense probes. In two of these animals, staining was also found when a sense probe was used, which is consistent with active replication in the hepatocytes. The specificity of the hybridization signal was confirmed by neutralization with "cold" (i.e., unlabeled) probes and by absence of hybridization with non-A hepatitis and reverse antisense probes. The hepatocyte appeared to be the only cell type showing staining. No hybridization was found in other organs, including the intestine (n = 4) and, in one animal, the kidney and spleen.

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Portraits of Viruses: the Picornaviruses

Cited by 60 publications

References 47 publications

Virus-like particles associated with cytopathology in the digestive gland epithelium of scallops Pecten novaezelandiae and toheroa Paphies ventricosum

Virus-like particles associated with cytopathology in the digestive gland epithelium of scallops Pecten novaezelandiae and toheroa Paphies ventricosum

My Role in the Discovery and Classification of the Enteroviruses

In situ hybridization studies in hepatitis A infection

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